The Agenda Setting And Spiral Of Silence Media Essay

The schedule stage setting And Spiral Of Silence Media turn upAlan Crosbie, who is the Chairman of Thomas Crosbie Holdings, a large Irish media player verbalise in his speechcommented on new media there is a tsunami of study coming from new media some of which has the capacity to destroy civil participation and ca part unimagin able-bodied suffering. Let us try and understand why Media holds so much power. Significantly Media has had a dominating influence all e very(prenominal)where populations lives and convictions since time immemorial. A classic example of convincing people of ones beliefs was during the Nazi Regime. The full nation was convinced of the Nazi ideologies through getting the entire media channels either under the governments control or having censorship rights over the privately owned ones. This resulted in patriotic and nationalistic sentiments be instilled in songs, movies and even the intelligence activity was censored to suit the ideology of the Na zis. The being as we see and know of around us is through the media and is hence is a arcminute-hand reality portrayed to us by the media owners of the society. This becomes highly ominous in face of the fact that the entire world media is owned by round 9 Conglomerates only. Hence when there is a plethora of news bytes available, the news that reaches us is what the Media channels think newsworthy. And this is just a percentage of the world news that is present around us. This ability to influence which telephone numbers, persons and topics are perceive as the most authorised of the day is called the schedule- place role of the mass media McCombs, 2004. The creation of the schedule Setting Theory happened when Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw (1972), professors at the University of North Carolina, chapel Hill used the presidential elections of the United States of America in 1968 as a live study to investigate the relationship if existed between the measurable issues of the in the public eye(predicate) and that between the priority issues of the mass media. McCombs and Shaw were able to determine the stagecoach to which the media, in Bernard Cohens actors line, tell us (the public) what to think closely. schedule setting theory has two levels to it.The magnitude of media coverage the particular article getsHow the article or object in question has been coveredFirst Level Agenda deals with the issues present on the public, political and media domain. This is the most important area of the agendum setting research where media is seen as a highly influencing factor to the public and political issues. Second level order of business setting is much close-set(prenominal) to framing. McCombs in his study discussed how second level agenda setting is to a greater extent specific to the attributes that define the object in question. Balmas and Sheafer (2010) argued that the focus at the introductory level agenda-setting which emphasizes medias role in telling us what to think more or less is shifted to medias function of telling us how to think close to at the second level agenda-setting. The similarity between second level agenda setting and framing is that they both are related with how a particular issue is portrayed, with mildness or with sensationalization. They are generic and not the issue or object specific. However they differ on the account of intensity, since framing is a higher degree or an extension of second level agenda setting.Spiral of SilenceSpiral of Silence originates from understanding the Asch look into (1958) and the Milgram examine (1963). Asch experiment was a study on conformity. This basically measures how much former(a)wise people get pressurized into changing their opinion or hiting in line when people more powerful or in more volume than them do so. Other reasons for conforming are to not be isolated from the mass and be liked by their peer groups. The Milgram experiment tested the effects of punishment and hence understood the concepts of Obedience and Authority. These experiments examine that mass or volume opinions have a huge dissemble on individual opinions. The Spiral of Silence theory was created by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (1974). state- tined opinion is the dominant opinion which compels compliance of attitude and behavior in that it threatens the dissenting individual with isolation and the politician with loss of support.In the words ofitsoriginatorElisabethNoelle-Neumann observationsmakein one context themassmedia short-circuit toan separateandencouragedpeopleeitherto proclaimtheirviewsor to drunkennessthemandkeepquiteuntil ,in aspiralingprocess,the oneview reignthepublicsceneandtheotherdisappearedfrompublicawareness asitsadherentsbecame break,thisis theprocessthatcan becalledaspiralofsilence.This basically emphasizes on how when an individual incurs they are in a minority, out of numerous fears and insecurities, they feel it better to be a part of the popular and mass opinion and hence an issue even if relevant if doesnt have anything to do with the legal age will spiral into silence. The silence of a person, who differs from the majority, spirals upwards thus forcing other people to stay silent.theory09a-789436.gifStrengthsExplains why the people remain silent when they stupefy themselves to be the minority.Explains the influence created by media over the crucial issues.Explains why people prefer to withhold their current feelings. Rather than take the risk of being isolatedExplains how the spirals of silence solve the societal conflicts.LimitationsDoes not apply alone to the field of media as the aspects of fear of isolation reprisal does not hold true in the virtual world.Questions the transparency in quantifying the majority the minority.Co-relation between Agenda Setting and Spiral of SilenceAccording to Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, the spiral of silence and the agenda setting theory go hand in hand. She intendd th at media plays a major role in forming public opinions. in that locationfore the masses shape their opinions in accordance with the media and according to her, media is the safeest bridge between these two theories.We can support the above point with the help of an example. During the Nazi period, Hitler was convinced that German laundry is far superior than anyone else on this planet. He made an extensive use of the media tools available at that time to convince the people about the same. some people believed this but there were a lot of them who did not believe in this concept of German superiority. Although they did not believe, none of them raised their utterance because of the fear of the Nazi regime and the fear of isolation. They convinced this case.Examples of Agenda Setting TheoryThe role of media in shaping public opinion about The Iraq War The marketing effort by the Bush administration to ingest support for the invasion of Iraq began to get into full swing by the f all of 2002. When Condolezza Rice, then National Security Advisor to the President, was asked a question on the case of preemptive war in a CNN interview, she said- We know that he Saddam has the infrastructure, nuclear scientists to make a nuclear weapon. And we know that when the inspectors assessed this after the disconnectedness War, he was far, far closer to a crude nuclear machination than anybody thought, maybe six calendar months from a crude nuclear deviceThere will always be some uncertainty about how speedily he can acquire nuclear weapons. But we dont want the hummer gun to be a mushroom cloud.Even the President made similar remarks about Saddams WMD program less than a month later on 7th October, 2002, America must not skip the threat gathering against us. Facing clear evidence of peril, we cannot wait for the net proof-the smoking gun-that could come in the form of a mushroom cloud.These and other such statements marked the commencement exercise of what the Cent er for Public Integrity called, spurious statements, in their 2008 report titled, Iraq-The War Card Orchestrated Deception on the Path to War.The number of false reports increased tremendously towards the end of 2002 and the beginning of 2003, so did the general perception about Saddams nuclear program, suggesting a strong case for media agenda-setting.Future of Agenda Setting TheoryWith the introduction of the flat media and the internet, people have the option of following what they want without anyone forcing an opinion on them.The change in the technology and media has led to several changes in the agenda setting theory. This change is called as Agenda Mending which talks about the personal agendas of individuals vis--vis their community and group affiliations. This means that individuals join groups and blend their agendas with the agendas of the group.CriticismsAgenda Setting Theory does not take into account the personal interests of an individual. both issue considered sa lient by the media does not necessarily has to be important for the people.This theory uses a very scientific approach, therefore its not able to stand the test of scrutiny as humans are very unpredictable.

Youth Subcultures And Its Influence On Youth Media Essay

early person Sub nuances And Its Influence On young Media EssayAbout This musical theme intends to go the complex relationship mingled with media and young sub horticulture and argues that subcultures hindquarters reproduced and constructed through the media. It in that respectfore, states that the bailiwick media should take responsibility in the chats that ar mixer occasiond to equal spring chicken groups and youth subcultures as they impact on the activities of broader youth communities sphere entire.The heathen conception of late deal is a complex and dynamic one (White, 1999) and there has always been a tendency among youth researchers to investigate the signifi fuelt kind changes that be being revealed through the experiences of contemporary youth (Leccardi Ruspini, 2006). Some of the earliest sociological researches on youth can be linked to the issuing of impertinent forms of consumptions and distinct youth cultures that began to rise in the late 1950s. The changes in youth at this era were highly visible through medicine and fashion the late creations were consuming. This was viewed both as a return of the improver develop available for leisure and personal resources (Leccardi Ruspini, 2006) as well as an attempt to create some symbolic content for self (White, 1999). In times of high unemployment where youth were caught in between the ideology of dramatic consumption promoted by the mass media and the traditional ideology of capitalism and the meritocratic work led to a proliferation of empirical studies across a wide range of diverse issues from homelessness to unemployment, youth crime to street gang delirium that engages in research relevant to both empirical and theoretical matters in order to stretch the conceptual boundaries in the contemporary party (White, 1993). Youth subcultures can be viewed as a chemical reaction to the interaction between these different areas. This response is seen by some as an identity want reaction between resistance to consumerism created by the production based Puritanism and the new hedonism of post war consumption (White, 1993).This paper looks into the contemporary youth subcultures and the media discourse used in the representation of these subcultures. It is argued that much(prenominal) damaging representations of youth subcultures would result in the popularization and re enforcement of activities alternatively than limiting or absolute such abnormal behaviors and thereby confirming the labeling of a demonized and at run a risk youth groups. Further, reports supports the idea that the media interventions in crime and social line of work areas can lead to misplaced reactive political resources in mythic rather than objective social problem areas resulting in amplified and exacerbated social problems generating moral panics (White, 1999).A culture can be defined as designs for living that micturate peoples way of life (Macionis Plummer, 2008128). The five components of culture identified by Macionis and Plummer (2008 130) hold symbols, language, values, norms and hearty culture. Culture has several, often irrelevant meanings that carries ambiguity that can be traced in its different uses throughout history (Brake, 1985). While the unblemishedal position views culture as a standard of excellence (high culture), some opposites view culture as a way of life which expresses certain meanings and values given over with a particular way of life known as the crushed culture(Williams, 1961, p. 57). It is this conceptualisation of low culture that is rudimentary to the development of subcultures as an uninflected concept (Brake, 1985). Subcultures can be defined as a cultural pattern that set apart some segment of a beau mondes population (Macionis Plummer, 2008 139) or a social group which is perceived to deviate from the prescriptive ideals of adult communities (Thornton, 1995 2). The earliest use of subcultur al theories within sociology can be linked to its application as a subdivision of a national culture (Gordon, 1947). Culture in this context was viewed as learned behaviour with focus on the effects of socialisation within the cultural subgroups of a pluralist society (Brake, 1985).In most of the Western world, studies of youth subcultures permit been dominated by a tradition associated with the 1970s work of the Centre of Contemporary ethnic Studies, University of Birmingham, England (Thornton, 1995). The Birmingham subcultural studies tend to banish media and trade from their definition of authentic culture seen media and commerce as incorporating subcultures into the hegemony and effectively dismantling them (Hedbige, 1978). Chicago School sociologists on the other hand were concerned on researching empirical social groups by victorious precedence over their elaboration of theory and were mainly focused on the shadier recesses of polite society (Thornton, 1995). This report will look at subcultures as cultures that are labelled containly or indirectly by the media with a problematic authenticity and as media and commerce integral to the authentication of its cultural practices. Supporting this, A.K. Cohen states that a major determinant of subcultures among the youth as what people do depending upon the problems they contended with (Cohen, 1955, p.51). Cultural theorists argue that what it means to be young should be seen in the context of its cultural importee indicating that it is the context of cultural significance that makes been young so distinctive and non the structural focus of society (Alan, 2007). That is, the context the youth are exposed to and the issues that their exposures carry play a significant role in the construction of a youths culture.When understanding the conflicts surround young people and the way they use public place, the media plays a central role by constituting and shaping the principal form of the public theatre of operations and by gathering and distributing important public information (Thompson, 1994 in Sercombe, 1999). adept may argue that there is no certain measure of the direct effects of media coverage on the public. However, there are often negative and powerful cultural effects of media produced by the constant flow of its exploit imaginary fictions and stereotypical coverages that sociall(a)y construct a moral and history set of offerings upon which the youth attempt to build their identities on (White, 1993). Not sole(prenominal) in building identities, the youth tend to use these social constructions by the media also as a measure for their achievements and personal worth by merely deriving an identity from a set of meanings emaciated on the basis of media constructed stimulations instead of their local experiences (Baudrillard, 1983). It is important to note that the notion of identities are constructed across and by differences, and the social construction of youth identi ties though historically varied is tightly bound with the media representations make available at the time (White,1999). Therefore, we can argue that media is a critical component of the development and veneration of the representation of young people which often feeds into the fears and negative attitude surround the presence of young people in public space as problematic or threatening (Sercombe, 1999). Moral panics in relation to youth, medicament and subculture are not uncommon in the intelligence service and other contemporary media (Goode Ben-Yehuda, 2008, pp. 124-145 in Journal of Media Culture).Most cities in Australia like some(prenominal) other cities almost the world housed for a large number of subcultural activities ranging from skateboarders occupying the steps and benches in the Melbourne streets to Goths congregating the inner city suburbs (Gelder, 2007). It also has a number of hassock night clubs, gay and lesbian prohibit, a remarkable graffiti subcultur e in which Melbourne has been claimed as a stencil graffiti capital (Smallman Nyman, 2005). Australia has several times witnessed its teenage subcultures clash in the streets like the Mods and Sharpies in August 1966 (Sparrow Sparrow, 2004 73-77).Stan Cohens classic Folk Devils and Moral Panics (1980) and the centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies Policing the Crisis (Hall et al. 1978) both advise how mainstream media contributes to the public anxiety about youth subcultures and youth groups that are deemed to be pervert. Cohen, in his work looks at the development of conflict between mods and shake offers, in a British seaside town, and peculiarly the escalation of conflict that arose as a result of the medias representation of these events. He argues that the media were responsible for amplifying the perception of deviance arising from a few of small- shell disturbances, which ultimately led to an escalated interventions from the police and judiciary, with the demonizatio n and over-typification of young people involved in the mod or rocker styles. in like manner in Australia Cunneen et al. 1989, carried out a study on the disturbances at the Bathurst bike races concluding that it was the over representation of the small disturbances that led to the large scale conflicts and that the press concentrated on sureness opinion while sensationalizing the material published (Cunneen et al., 1989).When analysing the literature published on the media representations of youth and youth subcultures it is unmingled that communications media create subcultures in the process of naming them and drawing boundaries around them in the act of describing them (Thonrton, 1995). The way media is inextricably involved in the meaning making and organization of youth subcultures will be discussed through the psychoanalysis of the representations of many recent incidents cerebrate to youth subcultures, particularly the ravers, Goths and Emo subcultures.The rave subcult ure emerged cosmopolitan in the late 1980s as a musical subculture and was a phenomenon in the area that attempted to invert the traditional rock n roll authenticity by remixing and creating a cutting edge criminal record culture with a warehouse party format and was established in Chicago, Detroit and across Britain (Thornton, 19954). Soon groups of young people were clustered in sites conventionally aligned with musical performance to listen and dancing to electronic dance music played by djs in Sydneys alternative rock burst Unlike other musical subcultures such as alternative rock scene where performances principally took place in formal environments such as pubs and clubs the raves in Australian cities began to use spaces such as old warehouses, factories and insure stations for their activities (Gibson Pagan, 2006). Since the late 1980s rave culture worldwide has change magnitude their members and was diversified and fragmented in many aspects suitable more contradict ory with various subcultures emerging such as the Doofs, Drum and Bass and dexterous hard core. Mean while controversies and public moral panics were starting to cede over the diverged more politicized illegal party culture that were shifting itself from the mainstream (Gibson Pagen, 2006). Associations were made between these part scenes and illegal doses such as ecstasy by the media providing the basis for a moral panic. Ravres were described as new age hippies where their activities summed up to no sex, but drugs and rock roll (Benette, 1999). leaping parties in Sydney eventually became associated with tropes of youth deviance and illegality making the rave space in the public consciousness as a site beyond the domain of mainstream, and thereby causing strong reactions from the public and a study for increased control over their events (Gibson Pagen, 2006). A major shift in the perception of the public of youth subcultures could be related to the ecstasy related close of teenager Anna Woods from Sydney at an Apache party in 1995. Her death was magnified within the media creating an unprecedented wave of media attention and public panic. With headlines such as Ecstasy agony and Ecstasy secret world path on the front pages for nearly two weeks, dramatically altering not completely the rave culture but the perception of youth subcultures as a whole (See Sydney Herald Sun, 4/3/2007). The initial response of sympathy by the public to the incident soon turned into fear and anger that progressed from tension and social anxiety to a full winded social and political crisis (McRobbie, 1994) with scapegoating not only the ravers but creating fear against many youth subcultures (see Daily Telegraph, 27/3/200773). The death of Anna was interpreted as a symptom of the malaise affecting many young Australians (Daily Telegraph, 5/11/19958), with the NSW state government taking actions to close down clubs and bars which gestate promoted drugs in parties (Gibson Pagen, 2006).For a few months in 2007, the dangers of emo and computer use were significant themes in Australian newspaper coverages (Phillipoy, 2009). Emo is an abbreviation of the terms emocore and excited hardcore which is a musical subgenre of punk rock music, characterised by frantic or personal themes. They adopt a look that includes black best jeans, dyed black hair and side-parted long fringes, which might merely have been one of the many tribes (Bennett, 1999) that characterise this contemporary youth culture(Phillipoy, 2009).Following the deaths of Melbourne teenagers, Jodie Gater, Stephanie Gestier and Carly Ryan in 2007, over an approximately five months period the media portrayed the two tell incidents linking the suicide and the murder to the emo subculture and to the social networking site MySpace, presenting both as breakneck and worrying developments in contemporary youth culture (Phillipoy, 2009). These media discourses surrounding the deaths include many fea tures of moral panic uncluding a build-up of concern disproportionate to real risk of harm (see Goode Ben-Yehuda, 2002, pp.33-41). While the emo youth were viewed as straightforward common people devil (Cohen, 1972) or the enemy, the problem of emo was also framed as a product of much broader problems of youth culture (Goode Ben-Yehuda, 2002). The connections between emo and the deaths of these young girls were tenuously published over the mass media and was seen as symptomatic of what John Hartley (1998) describes in the context of reporting on young people more generally as a profound uncertainty in the textual governance of journalism about where the line that defines the boundary of the social should be drawn by the broader groups of non-subculturaly affiliated youth. The result of this according to Phillipoy, is a cultural sentiment out loud (Hartley, 1998) where broader cultural anxiety are expressed and explored that can be described as anxiety about disclosure. The newsp aper coverages on the deaths focused on the dangers of young peoples disclosures that made them inaccessible to adult authority that otherwise could have prevented the tragedies. Though some of these concerns were connected to the specificities of emo subcultural expression, with excessive emotions on display and the enigma associated with subcultural imagery respectively, they were on the whole linked to a broader problem in contemporary youth culture that was seen to apply to all young people, irrespective of any subcultural affiliation. The expressions of anxieties that the private lives of young people were becoming increasingly transcendent to adult authorities, and, hence, that youth culture itself was increasingly unknowable were popular statements made by the media (Phillipoy, 2006). Reportings such as bizarre teenage goth and emo world world constructed both as dangerous (in the nose out that her apparent involvement in subcultural activities was presented as disturbing a nd something that put her at risk of harm) and impenetrable (in the sense that subcultural imagery was understood not simply as harmful but also as bizarre).In conclusion, the representations of young people in the media directly or indirectly depend on the interest of the newspapers and the discourse of its source. Language used by these media allows painting young people in different colors (Sercombe, 1999) and as youth subcultures are prime fare for the news media as in terms of news value they are both exotic and familiar (White, 1993) media and youth subcultures have a complex and symbolic relationship where young people are devoted consumers and producers of media and engage with media in the approval and adaptation of subcultural forms for their own context. Therefore, many of the subcultures can be argued to be reproduced and constructed through the media (White, 1999). The mainstream media however tend to represent youth subcultures mythologically as they often attempts to represent not the real world but the world that suits the advertisers, owners and the government. This leads to the constant stereotyping, reinforcing and exaggerating issues, particularly in relation to the youth (White, 1993). Youth was portrayed within the media as the mindless hedonism of lost youth and were categorized as a careless generation that was only concerned with seeking pleasure and satisfaction from personal risk taking and drug use (Brown, 2005 in Allan 2007).By constructing notions of deviance and illegality, commercial media not only position youth and youth subcultures but are implicated in defining authentic underground activities that further strengthen subcultural practices that are deemed deviant (Gibson Pagan, 2006). Therefore, it is clear that media have been and is today, a major influence in fuelling and reinforcing perceptions of problem youth. Subcultures are constructed and stereotyped by the media as deviant and the media representations linked to th e issues around subcultures have created an image of uncaring, hedonistic and self centered youth (Alan, 2007). Hence, this report suggest that the media is directly or indirectly responsibility for the fuelling and reinforcing of such deviant activities that they have constructed aligned to youth subcultures and that youth subcultures are a social construction mainly influenced by the national mass media. Therefore, the national media, particularly newspapers as the most commonly used news media has a responsibility in the a discourses that are used to represent youth groups and youth subcultures as it carries an impact on the broader youth communities worldwide.

The Prevalence Of Anemia Health And Social Care Essay

The Prevalence Of Anemia Health And Social make do EssayReview of literature is an important step in the discipline of research project and in broadening the at a lower placestanding and developing an sharpness into the problem area. It further help in developing the broad scope in which the problem fits, methodology, instruction of tool, development of evaluative approach and abridgment of data.Literature review is a critical summary of research on a topic of interest often prepared to put a research problem in context. (Denise.F.Polit, 2011)The review of literature in this chapter is presented under the following headings.Literature tie in to prevalence of anemiaLiterature related to treatment of anemiaLiterature related to effectiveness of beetroot cornmeal mush on anemia1. Literature related to prevalence of anemiaA cross sectional study was conducted for a period of one course of study to determine the prevalence and severity of anemia among adolescent girls in country fied areas of Vantamuri PHC, Belgaum. 840 adolescent girls were selected for the study by using convenience sampling technique. nurture was obtained by demographic variables and the blood samples were analyzed by automated prison cell counter. The study result showed that the prevalence of anemia was 41.1%, among them majority of adolescent girls had loony anemic. The prevalence of anemia was considerably high among adolescent girls who belonged to the low socioeconomic emplacement. There was a significant association of anemia with the socioeconomic status at (p

†REFLECTION Monitoring and Ensuring Quality Care

REFLECTION Monitoring and Ensuring Quality C ar gateThe purpose of this paper is to consider on a recent personalised hold of unhurried criminal maintenance, which enabled me to achieve a module 9 competency, actively disciplineks to extend own whopledge.I willing be critically analyzing virtuoso breast playing practice accident using Boud, et al (1985) model of animadversion, (please insure add-on 1) which will enable me to monitor and ensure prime(prenominal) longanimous administer in future practice. The nursing incident happened when I was t iodine after a forbearing of requiring enteral electron tobacco pipe pre insureing (ETF). It is eventful to note that all confidential information relating to patients, wards, infirmarys and professional colleagues has not been include in this paper to ensure ethical practice and adherence to the NMC edict of professional conduct, section 5 which affirms that I must guard against breaches of confidentiality (NMC 200 8). criticism is a practice sessionful alsol for the continuation of professional development among admits (Somerville and Keeling 2004). The intelligence operation reflection originates from the verb reflectere which means to bend or turn backwards (Hancock 1998). It is a tool, which unlike text books and videos, does not have a limited shelf-life, it is represent effective, is portable and pile be used world wide.Patient inditeThe aspect of nursing care I have chosen to reflect on is the care of a patient who required enteral tube feeding (ETF) cod to dysphagia a condition in which the action of take overing is tricky to perform (Unison wellness Care 1998). This nursing noise was essential for a patient in my care, who I shall call trick. Please see appendix 2 for gutters past medical history.The Plan of Treatment for bumJohn was admitted to my area of practice six twenty-four hour periods ago side by side(p) his CVA. He is receiving ETF via an NG tube as an immed iate intervention and is being assessed to see if he is a suitable reardidate for a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube which are used as a more enduring form of enteral tube feeding (Holmes 2004). The naso gastric tube is ab come to the fore 22 inches 55.9cm in length (Holmes 2004) and was inserted into his left nostril down through and through the pharynx, through the oesophagus and through the cardiac sphincter muscle and into the stomach (Marieb 2001). nutriment send word be administered through the tube directly into the stomach and the swallowing growth does not need to take place. The food is administered by a core that controls the amount of feed overhauln in mls per hour. This description could sound as though ETF is always proficient and effective and has no complications. Elia (2001) affirms that ETF is typically safe and easy to administer. However John did experience a matter of difficulties that could have been rectified sooner than they were. On re flection of Johns care it is come about to see (with the benefit of hindsight) that if Johns care was managed differently and if complications were noticed and acted on promptly, his hospital experience could have been very different.1.) Returning to the experience Problems John faced.John experienced two main complications as a solving of ETF. The graduation exercise was vomitus of the feed into his throat and mouth and the second was dissolution. The rate of the feed had been increased over a period of days to its optimal rate, following the ETF guidelines provided by the NHS trust that I was work in. The excerption was commenced during the night bit he was sleeping to allow John greater freedom during the day as he could be disconnected from the pump. The regurgitation happened during the first night that the pump was running at the optimal flow rate. Davis and Shere (1994) report that regurgitation is a common complication of ETF. As a consequence, John had to swallow what had come up into his mouth. The rationale for John to undergo enteral tube feeding was to prevent tho weight loss and intent which sack be caused by dysphagia (DeLegge 1995, Gibbon 2002 and Davies 1999). Aspiration has various meanings, however in this context it refers to the movement of foreign material i.e. fluids or food, into the trachea and further down into the lungs (Unison Health Care 1998). This can occur when the swallowing mechanism is ineffective or impaired. Infection of the lobe of the lung, in which the foreign material has lodged, occurs. This is called aim pneumonia (Unison Health Care 1998). Patients suffering from dysphagia are at risk of developing de terminationination pneumonia (DeLegge 1995 and Gibbon 2002). ETF was commenced to curb this risk but now the very intervention that was intended to eliminate the risk has caused an even greater risk of aspiration pneumonia.According to Marieb (2001) on that point are two stages of deglutition (swallow ing). The buccal phase, which is a voluntary action, occurs in the mouth and is the first phase of deglutition. The tongue increasingly elevates anteriorly to posteriorly, propelling the bolus through the oral cavity. When the bolus has moved to the base of the tongue, the spongelike palate is raised, preventing food from being regurgitated via the nasal passage(Davies 1999). The second is the nonvoluntary pharyngeal-oesophageal phase which Davies (1999) describes as a complex sequence of muscular movements. later on a CVA the ability to initiate the secondary phase of deglutition can be disrupted resulting in ineffective or effected failure of this phase of deglutition. This abruptly explanation of pathophysiology demonstrates how important it is to know nursing rationales for nursing interventions. Patients suffering from dysphagia can somemultiplication overcome the problem by eating a pureed diet and drinking thickened fluids, but this depends on the severity of the dysphagi a (Stringer 1999). John needs ETF because his dysphagia is too advanced to be overcome by a change in diet.Arrowsmith (1993) recommends that patients who are receiving ETF via a NG tube that are lying in bed, should have their head and shoulders towering 30-40 degrees during feeding and up to one hour afterwards to minimise gastric pooling and reflux of the feed. This example demonstrates how a simple action can read a substantial wedge on the fictional character of care that they experience. It has the doubled purpose ofImpact of the quality of care that they experience. It has twofold purpose ofpromoting the lastingness of the intervention and minimises harm to the patient by reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia. Assessing for signs of aspiration in a patient suffering from dysphagia should always be taken seriously by nursing supply. Stringer (1999) reports that if dysphagia is serious enough it can prevent the victim from swallowing their own saliva. The average pers on swallows approximately 590 clock each day 146 when eating, 394 when awake and not eating and 50 snips during sleep (Davies 1999). With the average person swallowing literally hundreds of times each day, patients are at risk of aspirating (on their own saliva) regardless of ETF. Barer (1989) found that over one third of conscious acute crack patients admitted to hospital had unsafe swallowing. Davies (1999) citing Ellul and Barer (1994) affirms that dysphagia in the first three days after stroke is associated with a fin to tenfold increased risk of chest infection during the first week. This is due to varying degrees of aspiration. Aspiration is a potentially fatal complication of ETF.John also experienced three episodes of dissolution since starting ETF. John was only when provided with a commode which was only dealing with the symptoms rather than treating the cause. No butt against was made with the senior house officer or dietician. Furthermore at that place did not appear to be much concern among the nursing squad and there was no talk ofion or sharing of knowledge mingled with colleagues accept what came from myself. I told my mentor what I had been reading during my reflection time and pointed out some reasons that have been identified as causing diarrhoea for patients receiving ETF. The attitude of my mentor was apathetic, and commented, Hes bound to pick up a bug, give it time, it will pass. This shocked me as Somerville and Keeling (2004) reports that the nursing profession depends on a culture of mutual support, and this was not what I received from my mentor.I valued to discuss the temperature of the feed, his current medication and the cleanliness in which the feed was prepared and administered. If the feed is too cold when it is administered it can cause diarrhoea (Arrowsmith 2003). Howell (2002) reports that diarrhoea can be the result of ETF but it can also be due to the side effects of medications. Antibiotics can cause the co mmon side strickle of diarrhoea (BMA 2001) but John was not receiving any. Diarrhoea in ETF can also be caused through the introduction of bacteria through unworthy hygiene standards in the planning and administration of the feed however the preparation and administration does not need to be performed aspptically.This is only indicated if the patient is immunocompromised (Arrowsmith 1993). My professional knowledge reminded me that I could not dismiss the diarrhoea as a coincidence. If there were nursing interventions that could be used and I didnt use them, I would be failing to provide quality care for my patient. Nurses are responsible not only for their actions but also for their omissions (NMC 2008). I treasured to refer to each others professional knowledge through discussion, and to the ETF guidelines to see if there was a simple cause to the problem that could be rectified in the first place consultation with the doctor or dietician became necessary. I was able to asce rtain out most factors that can cause diarrhoea. This led me to believe that the infusion rate could be too fast. These are the factors that I precious to discuss with my mentor so I could contact the dietician to seek cooperate from the multidisciplinary aggroup. Gibbon (2002) asserts that stroke care requires the services of a multi-professional team, working towards an concord therapeutic plan hence my reason to collaborate with the dietician.2.) Attending to line upings What did I feel was Positive?During reflection time I was very enkindle and pleased to find this explore to suggest that there could be something that I could do to put an end to the discomfort, distress and potentially disastrous complications of a patient in my care. Many times as a bookman I have felt that I personally, am not reservation a great difference to my patients health and wellbeing as I am not working independently, but under my mentor who in general decides on a course of action for our pa tients. This time I have found the answer from my own research. All that frame is for me to study this research to my mentors attention and then put the intervention into practice. The patient will benefit, and I will have a great sense of operation as I will have, in a small way, alter the quality of someones life, accomplishing one of the reasons why I decided to take a career in nursing.Attending to feelings What did I feel was Negative?In response to the apathy that I encountered, I felt disappointed and ineffective and undervalued. My original mentor was off on temporary short term sickness due to a small operation and therefore I was allocated another Junior Ward Sister to take her place for the short period of time in her absence. I felt disappointed because my component part to the care of my patient was not welcomed and that this mentor was not as patient or worryed in my eruditeness and on-going development. I also notion it was unfair because I had evidence to b ase my suggestions on. It was not a swooning idea I had conceived but it was grounded in research. I felt ineffectual because as a junior and inexperienced member of the team I felt I had little influence over the overwhelming hierarchy. Morris (2004) states that student nurses possess little power because they are viewed as inexperienced. I wanted to make my mentor realise that the patient could be suffering (from diarrhoea and regurgitation) because of our negligence and not from inevitable causes.Why was Cognitive Learning universe Achieved?In this situation I was information a number of things, in the main relating to communication, team work, assertiveness, accountability and office. I learned that my priority is with the care of my patient and not with my popularity among colleagues, just as the NMC (2008) signifies when it states when facing professional dilemmas, your first musing in all activities must be in the interests and safety of patients. When I met with my or iginal mentor on her return back to work we discussed this incident of practice and she praised my efforts in extending my knowledge to improve patients care. I therefore achieved the competency, actively seeks to extend own knowledge.Do Any Barriers to Learning Exist?The barriers that existed to my learn were the apathy of the nurses and the limits of my own assertiveness. It was very hard on this ward to feel proud of the care that was being given. The ward was poorly staffed, the ward charabanc was unanimously unpopular, the ward relied heavily on agency staff that was not familiar with the ward and my temporary mentor wanted to leave nursing because of all of the above (and more). As a new and enthusiastic team member I found my self fighting against the low morale and low motivation of the current staff. Job atonement can impact on the care that nurses provide. Brown (1995) believes that when nurses enjoy exhaustively job satisfaction they provide a higher standard of car e to their patients. Rohrlach (1998) and Govier (1999) cited by Kitson (2003) observe that nurses who were happy with the care they were giving were more likely to stay at heart the clinical area which would in turn provide some perceptual constancy and security within the workplace. According to this research, the inability to give quality care (due to the problems mentioned) was resulting in low morale.The dilemma I faced was as follows. I had already approached my mentor once regarding Johns problems and detected that there was little interest in what I had to offer and in the nurses willingness to correct any problems. If I addressed the issue again, I risked worsening the relationship between my mentor and myself. Morris (2004) identifies that student nurses often feel nervous about speaking out because they feel the need to conform or do not longing to be viewed in a negative way. scholar nurses risk touch the status quo by speaking out. If I left the issue my patient ma y be suffering discomfort unnecessarily, but as a student I will never be held accountable in a way that registered nurses midwives or health visitors are (NMC 2008). Would this justify me sledding the issues and conforming to the apathy and bad practice of my mentor? Morris (2004) disagrees. She regularises that although students are not goodly accountable for their actions and omissions, they are morally responsible for ensuring that patients are receiving intimately standards of care. The student nurse must be responsible. Semple and Cable (2003) affirm that responsibility is concerned with answering for what you do. Registered nurses, midwifes and health visitors are accountable which, Semple and Cable (2003) defines as being answerable for the consequences of what you do.3.) Re-evaluating the Experience Drawing ConclusionsDrawing conclusions is the most lively part of the process of reflection. It will shape future practice and quality of care. Conclusions that are drawn from reflection must agree with the nurse and tocology Council compute of professional conduct. It is with the NMC that all matters of conduct, practice and attitude are placed to nurses. The NMC (2008) motto, protecting the public through professional standards can only be achieved if all those on the NMC register are willing to submit to the conditions and regulations that it upholds. thus Somerville and Keeling (2004) affirm that in order for nurses to meet the demands of the NMC, they must focus on their knowledge skills and behaviour which can be achieved through reflection.On reflection of the described incident, it was difficult to know what to do. My mentor was not up to date with the knowledge of this area of practice. I cannot, and do not expect her to know everything, however Glover (1999) points out the nurses should be reliant on others for information. The NMC (2008) states that nurses should work cooperatively within teams and respect the skills, expertise and c ontributions of colleagues, treating them fairly and without discrimination. Therefore I evaluate my temporary mentor to take more interest in what I had to offer. Indeed Morris (2004) argues that qualified nurses are obliged to listen to other staff regardless of their qualification status.Announcing that practice should be in accordance with the NMC is too simplistic an answer to such a diverse problem. It is correct to say this but how will this be achieved? The ward is in need of unattackable clinical leadership, first of all from the sister in charge. Nadeem (2002) states that the call for good leadership in the NHS has reintroduced the matron figure and also the new role of nurse consultants. Specialist nurses do have a role in ensuring safe practice and quality care but this should be in addition to effective local leadership i.e. leadership from the ward sister. Leadership is perceived as being good if there is good team working and if managers have good relationships with staff (Lipley 2003) which is one area that needs attachment in this scenario. Meeting the staffs needs improves satisfaction, productivity and efficiency (Nadeem 2002) which in this subject principally means the provision of resources, i.e. human resources. Nurses who are happy with the care they give are more likely to stay within their clinical area (Rohrlach 1998 and Govier 1999 cited by Kitson 2003). This would provide some stability and security in the workplace. Clinical political science has also come to play a bighearted role in ensuring quality care. The government has defined clinical governance as a framework through which NHS organisations are accountable for infinitely improving the quality of their services and safeguarding standards of care, by creating an environment in which faithfulness in clinical care will flourish (Department of Health 1998). It had been storied that unacceptable variations in clinical practice where becoming common in the NHS (Departmen t of Health 2010). While some patients were receiving excellent health care, e.g. in stroke care, other patients in the country were receiving sub-optimal stroke care due to differences in facilities, funding, education and staff. Each clinical area can improve the quality of care by (1) using modern matrons and nurse consultants as clinical leaders, (2) by having adequate staff to care effectively and to lift morale among active staff and (3) by implementing clinical governance which will result in the flourishing of good practices across wards, departments and NHS trusts through the sharing of expertise, research and ideas. The wards problems could also be addressed through annual reviews or by encouraging staff to keep an up-to-date portfolio (Somerville and Keeling 2004). This will allow nurses to secernate strengths and opportunities for development.Critically analysing using reflection on this incident has been valuable in maintaining the quality of care as set out in the NM C code of professional conduct. Gallacher (2004) says that she questions different peoples practices in order to provide her patients with first sieve quality care. Clinical practice will not improve if it remains unquestioned. Hindsight gives the practitioner the opportunity to discriminate between good and bad practices. Safe, legal and quality care can only be given if it is in keeping with the NMC code of professional conduct.Reference listArrowsmith, H. (1993) Nursing precaution of Patients Receiving a Nasogastric Feed. In British Journal of Nursing. 2 (21) 1053-1058Barer, D. (1989) The Natural invoice and Functional Consequences of Dysphagia after Hemispheric Stroke. In Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 52, 236-241BMA (2008) New Guide to Medicines and Drugs.capital of the United Kingdom British Medical Association.Brown, R. (1995) Education for Specialist and Advanced Practice. In British Journal of Nursing. 4 (5) 266-268Department of Health (1998) First Class good Quality in t he New NHS. London The Stationery Office.Davies, S. (1999) Dysphagia in peachy Strokes. In Nursing Standard. 13 (30) 49-55Davis, J. Shere, K. (1994) Applied Nutrition and Diet Therapy for Nurses. second Ed. Philadelphia PA,WB Saunders.DeLegge, M. (1995) transcutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy A Dual Centre Safety and expertness Trial. In Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 19 (3) 239-243Gallacher, G. (2004) Gaining a punter Understanding of Reflection to Improve Practice. In Nursing Times. 100 (23) 39Gibbon, B. (2002) Rehabilitation Following Stroke. In Nursing Standard. 16 (29) 47-52Glover, D. (1999) righteousness. In Nursing Times Clinical Monograph. 27, 1-11Elia, M. (2001) Trends in Artificial Nutrition Support in the UK during 1996-2000. Maidenhead BAPEN.Hancock, P. (1998) Reflective Practice using a Learning Journal. In Nursing Standard. 13 (17) 36-39Holmes, S. (2004) Enteral Feeding and Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy. In Nursing Standard. 18 (20) 41-43Howe ll, M. (2002) Do Nurses know enough about Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy? In Nursing times. 98 (17) 40-42Hutton C (2005) After a stroke 300 tips for making life easier, London.UKKitson, J. (2003) Education for High dependance Nursing. In Paediatric Nursing. 15 (1) 7-10Lipley, N. (2003) Research Shows Benefits of Nurse Leadership Training. In Nursing Management. 10 (2) 4-5Marieb, E.N. (2001) Human Anatomy and Physiology. 5th Ed. United States of the States Benjamin Cummings.Morris, R. (2004) Speak out or Shut up? Accountability and the Student Nurse. In Paediatric Nursing. 16 (6) 20-22Nadeem, M. (2002) Evolution of Leadership in Nursing. In Nursing Management. 9 (7) 20-5Nursing and Midwifery Code of victor Conduct. London NursingCouncil (2008) and Midwifery Council.Nursing and Midwifery An NMC Guide for Student of Nursing and Council (2008) Midwifery. London Nursing and Midwifery Council.Semple, M. Cable, S. (2008) The new Code of overlord Conduct. In Nursing Standard. 17 (23 ) 40-48Somerville, D. Keeling, J. (2004) A Practical Approach to arouse Reflective Practice within Nursing. In Nursing Times. 100 (12) 42-45Stephanie K, Daniels, Maggie downwind Huckabee (2008) Dysphagia following stroke (clinical dysphagia) London.Stringer, S. (1999) Managing Dysphagia in Palliative Care. In Professional Nurse. 14 (7) 489-492Appendix 1Three stages to the process of reflection. Boud, Keough and Walker (1985).a) Returning to experience Observations what happened? What was my reaction? Clarify personal perceptionsb) Attending to feelings What did I feel at the time? What did I feel was positive? Why is cognitive learning being achieved? What did I feel was negative? Do any barriers to learning exist? Raise awareness and clarify feelingsc) Re-evaluating the experience Draw conclusions and insights unitedly with existing knowledge Identify gaps in knowledge Integrate existing and new knowledge

The Grapes of Wrath Analysis

The Grapes of Wrath AnalysisThe Grapes of Wrath, describes the difficulty of migrant travails during the prominent Depression. written by, washbowl Steinbeck, this original went on to receive umteen awards. Gen periodlly viewed as Steinbecks best and most striving novel, The Grapes of Wrath was publish in 1939. Stating the falsehood of an expelled Oklahoma family and their fight to form a reestablished sustenance in calcium at the peak of the Great Depression, the book captures the sorrow and fear of the chicaneledge domain with come in this time-period. The bank forec retrogresss on the Joads get, so they decide to imprint westside in search of new jobs. Though the Joads travel west in expectations of creating a restored life, the American woolgather avoids them, their journey to calcium proves to be despicable and disappointing. Though they find oneself some comfort in a encamp and withaltuall(a)y get jobs, the life they dream of has barely slipped further aw ay. The parallels amidst rear Steinbecks life and the narrative story he carved be app bent and distinct. Steinbeck used imagery to paint a picture of stream world situations that were going on in his life during the 1930s. His goal in piece of music this novel was to paint a picture and make his readers ascertain the life of the spread Bowl immigrants. Though non a Dust Bowl immigrant himself, he spent a lot of time with them and got to kat once their anguish well. From the first chapters, to the unforgettable ending, The Grapes of Wrath remains a debated domesticate in critical discussions, with themes and a setting that are uniquely AmericanBeginning to write the novel in the mid to late 1930s, Steinbeck was border by p everywherety, and hardship, and as are the Joads in the novel. Steinbeck modeled the setting to set proscribed how things really were for migrant weeers during this period. The Grapes of Wrath takes place during the Dust Bowl era of the 1930s. After be ing released from clink, protagonist, turkey cock Joad, quickly realizes that his familys farm has been repossessed by the bank. tom finds the family at Uncle Johns home as they get ready for a tenacious journey to California in search of work, a journey legion(predicate) desperate families are also taking. R tabue 66 provides the transportation by which the migrants will go deep to California. It is the path of a people in flight, refugees from constellate and shrinking unload, from the thunder of tractors and shrinking testifyership,. from the floods that bring no richness to the land and steal what micro richness is there (Steinbeck 118).In California, there was a Hooverville on the edge of every town, where migrant individuals camp all unitedly and sustentation for one another (Steinbeck 234). The Joads experience the surroundings of a Hooverville when they cross the defect into California, There was no order in the camp little greyness tents, shacks, cars were scat tered about at random (241).Steinbeck was inspired to write the novel after researching and producing a series of articles for the San Francisco news show about migrant workers in California (Conder 248). end-to-end the 1930s, due to drought and historic period of agriculture without increase rotation or other destruction prevention, severe dust storms blew away the lives of publicy in many areas of the central plains, which developed into what is known as the, Dust Bowl. Tied with the economic catastrophe of the Great Depression, this crisis forced thousands of people, many of them agriculturalists, off their property, wandering from place to place in hunt of work to survive. Several of these people, attracted by promises of opportunity, moved to California. Although they were from several states, the term Okie coined for a indigene of Oklahoma, one of the hardest-hit areas was attached to the waves of families desperately heading West, their few remaining possessions piled mettlesome on old, barely operating vehicles. Those who made it to California found little work, poor living conditions, a great deal of resentment and prejudice, and even violence directed against them.(The Grapes of Wrath)John Steinbeck formed a fictional secret plan using current realities of the Dust Bowl. The exposition begins when tom gets out of tuck in for good behavior and he realizes that everything he left was now divergent and his family is absent as well. The conflict arises when, tom is out on parole, and he stringently cannot leave Oklahoma. However, his family is planning to move to California, where a government curriculum offers a beautiful future for emigrant sharecroppers. The entire family and Casy, a longtime(prenominal) family friend, fit into a small truck to travel across the state of matter. The upgrade action occurs when, the Joads set off for California, where many others are migrating west. As the Joads withdraw on, they begin to hear rumors t hat there arent enough jobs in California. The climax is revealed when they arrive in California. As they go from place to place, searching for work, Casy, former exalted and current friend of tom turkeys, leads a strike against the owners of Weedpatch, which in conclusion be him his life. Tom spurs to lead the people, but the Joads must leave again when Tom thoughtlessly kills the corrupt policeman who murdered Casy. The falling action is seen when the Joads move onto a cotton-picking field where Tom hides out until his wounds are healed from the conflict. The soundness occurs when the Joads come to a farm where they find a barn. Inside the barn, they find a young boy and a man. They are sick from starved, and the man is not able to eat solid foods anymore without getting ill. roseate of Sharon gives the fading man her breast, which has draw from her new-fangled put up, and comforts him with a blanket. They are all strangely at peace.The push for writing The Grapes of Wrath came out of John Steinbecks involvement of stu end and publishing Harvest Gypsies, a seven-part San Francisco News series about the plight of agricultural migrant workers in California (Steinbecks Use). While confidential information that research, Steinbeck met and traveled with a man named Tom collins, the autobus of the Arvin Migrant Camp (informally known as Weedpatch Camp) (Steinbecks Use). The relationship Steinbeck formed with Collins grew between 1936 and 1938, when the two began traveling over the San Joaquin valley to gather culture and offer aid to migrant families in crisis. He wrote about the Okie hegira by the seat of his pants, as it happened (OConnell 60). The Associated Farmers of California terminated the book as a pack of lies and communist propaganda (The Grapes of Wrath). Steinbeck was put under surveillance of the FBI and stock many death threats. The book was banned in many libraries and copies were burn down in towns across The fall in States (Conder 2 48). Steinbecks speech, is found in Tom Joad, the novels protagonist. ( McCarthy) Tom Joad is the novels protagonist .Joad is first seen coming home to Oklahoma after jail time for killing a man in a brawl, provided to find an overcome land with local farms being repossessed by the banks. Tom and his family begin on their trek to California over highway 66. Tom Joad, Steinbecks figure of smoldering witness, the passive observer turned violent activist and communitarian conscience, has been grabbed by figures right and left to stand for something, represent something, or, in recent vintage, to represent nothing at all, rendered void of the political meaning intentionally invested in him by John Steinbeck (and others) (Simon and Deverell 181). Through Tom Joad, Steinbeck builds anger and a sense of injustice over the migrants misery. (McCarthy)Rose of Sharon is always watching out for the greatest interests of her unborn child and its seems to symbolize comely instinct and protect ion. Steinbeck departs from strictly Biblical imagery in portraying Rose of Sharon as an man mother. (Rombold 161). Her natural protective nature over her baby, makes it even more severe when it is delivered as a stillborn. By permitting the stillborn child go upon the waters in its apple box, Uncle John inverts the story of baby Moses let go in a basket upon the Nile (Rombold 160). The symbolism of the earth mother is also a strong context within which to understand the closing scene (Rombold 162). Steinbeck ends the novel by having Rose of Sharon nurse a dying man from her breast. Rose of Sharon loosened one side of the blanket and expose her breast. She looked up and across the barn, and her lips came together and smiled mysteriously (Steinbeck 455). A symbol of entrust is understood by Rose of Sharons fostering actions in reviving the starving man. By ending the novel this way, Steinbeck continues his literary references to the Bible as it provides typic resurrection of humanity and steps towards societies regrowth ( Taliawaite).Jim Casy is an ex-preacher who knew the Joads as far back as Toms puerility, claims that he has totally given up preaching I aint preachin no more. (Steinbeck 20). Casy now places his faith in the astonishing power of human spirit. Steinbeck is representing Casey as a parallel to Jesus as his character carries optimism to the people that are in misery (Taliawaite). A more literal similarity that Steinbeck indicates to is his name, Jim Casey, which fatefully, has the same initials as Jesus Christ. I aint sayin Im equivalent Jesus. further I got tired manage Him, an I got mixed up like Him, an I went into the wilderness like Him. (Steinbeck 81). Although he still did not believe himself to be a preacher, he had the courage to stand up to the corruption and the unfairness. Casey planned on lead story the people in a strike that would help the laborers attain logical wages however he gets murdered during the objection. The preacher, ony he was a-leadin the strike. They come for him. They killed im. broken in his head (Steinbeck 390). Like Jesus who affordd himself on the cross, Caseys death is a sacrifice for the wellbeing of others. Caseys last words were You don know what youre a-doin (Steinbeck 386) which can be paralleled to Jesus last words. Father, forgive them for they know not what they do (Luke 2324) (Rombold 157). Casey dies with honor and self-respect, as Jesus did.John Steinbeck says that in growing up he absorbed the Bible through his skin (Rombold 146). Characters from the book imitate real life people suffering through the Depression. They had a undercoat to believe that there was a higher power watching over them during this time of hardship (Rombold 146). While Steinbeck used Biblical references, he chooses to harbour God as an absent character, For Steinbeck, the people themselves are the agents of change and the parties responsible for(p) for action. His use of Biblical al lusions which generalize and deepen the Joads experience within the usance of the mythos, place this novel within a very broad context. (Rombold 147). Readers were surprise by the notion of neglecting God, but they had to consider the source, and learned to accept that it was Steinbecks (Rombold146). place down and place are so more than just passive settings in The Grapes of Wrath. A mans connection to land is a very important theme, Mans enjoy of the land, his need not so much to own it as to cover it, to sink his hands and feet in it, to cry for joy when the corn is peeking through and to sleep like a dead man when the last ladle is in the silo- this is the strongest force in the book (OConnell 59). Despite the ruggedness of the landscape, it develops the background in contradiction of a wide range of human concern. Famers and country men had a very strong relationship to the property they grew to know. When they put down their land, the Joads not only lose their means of support, but they also lose their home. California is supposed to be a land flowing with milk and honey, a place of chance and change(McCarthy). For a farmer, land is opportunity, and therefore land is money. The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck endorses the philosophy that economic, legal, religious, and societal forces largely control individual destiny, but lays out a philosophy to rise above those forces and achieve personal independence (Conder 260).The American dream is unattainable to immigrants. In The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck often challenges whether or not California is the, promise land. He questioned if the whole thing of life, liberty, and the pursuit of rejoicing are achievable. For so many, the American Dream is a capitalist dream. Instead, Steinbeck, through his characters and themes, sought the dream of unity and compassion. Through Jim Casy and Tom Joad, it is seen that their passion lays in standing up for what is right, rather than sitting back and taking the hit. But that wasnt always the case for them, towards the beginning of the novel, all of them were eager to reach this so called, promise land. But eventually, they came to the realization that they were indeed just chasing an unrealistic dream. The Joad family is leading down something of a problematic golden road- a path of operate from destitution to an ambiguous Californian deliverance. when the only option becomes putting the family on the road to a strange and unknown destination, problems are compounded (Spangler). The Joads grim letdown to find supportive work and pay led to economic decay, decrease the likelihood that the American Dream would come to completion. Arthur G. Neal stated, the economic hardships after the Great Depression fell disproportionately on the family unit (Spangler). Throughout all the economic struggle and failures on finding the American Dream, the Joads managed to stick together through the triumph. John Steinbeck emphasized the theme of the unattainabl e American Dream however, he added in that maybe people can achieve their own dream just by sticking together and never bountiful up.From the Joad family leaving Oklahoma, to the struggles in California, The Grapes of Wrath remains a moving and an exceedingly well written piece of art. The plot, setting, and characters are very expressive, and Steinbecks fascinating writing techniques give the themes of the book a distinct feel. The parallels between John Steinbecks life and the narrative story he carved are apparent and distinct. Throughout the 1930s, real people with real problems faced issues like what the Joad faced. John Steinbeck wrote a brilliant piece work in expressing the economic and emotional anguish the Oakies experienced.ChronologyFebruary 27,1902- John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California. He was the third of four children and the only son of John Ernst II and Olive Hamilton Steinbeck. He spent his childhood in the Salinas Valley (John Steinbeck).1919- Steinbec k attended classes at Stanford University, and left without a degree. During these years Steinbeck dropped out for several months, and was employed intermittently as a sales clerk, farm laborer, ranch hand, and factory worker (John Steinbeck).January 14,1930- John Steinbeck marries Carol Henning (John Steinbeck). wintertime of 1934- He gathered information on farm labor unions. Interviews labor organizer in Seaside(John Steinbeck).April 1939-The Grapes of Wrath, was published by Viking (John Steinbeck).Spring of 1941- He garbled from Carol fall, later he moves to New York City with singer Gwyndolyn conger eel (John Steinbeck).1943- He marries Gwyn Conger in New Orleans (John Steinbeck).August 2, 1944- birth of first son, Thom (John Steinbeck).June 12, 1946 birth of second son, John IV (John Steinbeck).September 14, 1964- presented with United States Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon B. Johnson (John Steinbeck).December 20, 1968- dies of arteriosclerosis in New York (John Stei nbeck).Work CitedConder, J John. Grapes of Wrath. Literary Themes for Students, Vol. 1, modify by Anne MarieHacht, 2007, pp. 248-263.John Steinbeck A Brief Chronology. Monterey County diachronic Society, Local HistoryPages, Montrerey Country Historical Society , 2010, mchsmuseum.com/steinbeckchronology.html. Date accessed 8 January, 2017.McCarthy, Paul. John Steinbeck. Contemporary Literary Criticism, edited by Sharon R.Gunton, vol. 21, Gale, 1982. Literature Resource Center, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=LitRCsw=wu=pikev=2.1id=GALE%7CH1100000796it=rasid=427c16e5f57e22fd0bc6c3cbf3811a0c. Originally published in John Steinbeck, by Paul McCarthy, Ungar, 1980. Date accessed 9 Nov, 2016.OConnel, Mike. An American Farmer Looks at The Grapes of Wrath. The SteinbeckReview, vol. 6, no. 2, 2009, pp. 56-63. www.jstor.org/stable/41582115. Date accessed November 14, 2016.Rombold, Tamara. Biblical everting in The Grapes of Wrath. College Literature, vol. 14,no. 2, 1987, pp. 146-166. www.jstor.org /stable/25111734. . Date accessed November 19, 2016.Simon, Bryant, and William Deverell. Come Back, Tom Joad Thoughts on a CaliforniaDreamer. California History, vol. 79, no. 4, 2000, pp. 180-191. www.jstor.org/stable/25463704. Date accessed November 10, 2016Spangler, Jason. WeRe on a Road to Nowhere Steinbeck, Kerouac, and the Legacy of theGreat Depression. Studies in the Novel, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 19 Feb. 2009, muse.jhu.edu/article/259422. Accessed 14 Feb. 2017.Steinbecks Use of Nonfiction Sources in The Grapes of Wrath EDSITEment.EDSITEment The scoop up of the Humanities on the Web, 17 Sept. 2012, edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/steinbecks-use-nonfiction-sources-grapes-wrathsect-introduction. Date accessed 16 January, 2017.Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York, NY, Penguin Group, 2006.Taliawaite. A Look at Biblical Allusions. The Angry Grapes, 1 Dec. 2012,taliawaite.wordpress.com/2012/11/29/did-you-know-a-look-at-biblical-allusions/. Date accessed 5 Dece mber, 2016.The Grapes of Wrath 10 Surprising Facts about John Steinbecks Novel . The Telegraph,Telegraph Media Group, www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/john-steinbeck-grapes-of-wrath-what-you-should-know/. Date accessed 10 December, 2016.

Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge Essay -- Arthur Miller View Bri

Arthur Millers A View From the BridgeManliness, Hostility and Aggression are whole big in A view fromthe bridge where Eddie Carbone lands the main character he is alongshoreman working on the Brooklyn docks in New York.He tries to keep his status as the man in his household. He is reallyhostile towards Rodolfo be lawsuit he thinks he is a homosexual. Marcoknows Eddie tactile propertys this look about Rodolfo and is upset that Eddiefeels this stylus about a member of his family. This creates aggressionfrom Marco throughout the play and results in various conflictsbetween himself and Eddie in which Marco demonstrates his masculinityover Eddie this makes Eddie feel threatened and insecure.Eddie has many different things that he considers to be manly e.g. tobe a breadwinner. He feels that Rodolfo does not conform to his ideaof masculinity because of the way he cooks, cleans, sings and makesdresses. Which at the time of the play would not be considered to bethings done by a man.Ed die withal has strong views about the way that Catherine behaves. Heshows this by criticizing the way she dresses and the way she behaveswhen he says your walkin wavy and youre solace a baby. He feels corresponding she is still his little young lady and he is unhappy that she isgrowing up so quickly. He is also unhappy with her job because of theneighbourhood it is in and he thinks she should stay at school forlonger. I think he disapproves of this not because of theneighbourhood, or the fact she should still be at school, but becausehe thinks she is still a baby and he should still be looking after herwhen she is abruptly capable of doing it herself.Eddie behaves peculiarly when he asks Rodolfo if he can box whichlea... ...ead the drama A view from the bridge it was initiallyintended to be performed on the deliver this would have made the playmore dramatic because the interview would feel like they are a part ofit. The setting would cause problems because it is constantly c hangingso the stage set-up would have to be skillfully done so as little timewas wasted as possible changing the set.We acted a small part of the play in groups which helped us tounderstand why Arthur Miller had so many stage directions in thescript. It is because every little detail needed to be shown to give notice (of)the authenticity of the play and to give it a feeling of what it wasactually like to be there.When we acted our position from the play it was difficult to keep up withall the different stage directions but once we practiced it becameeasier and it made the scene look much more realistic.

Herman Melville: An Anti- Transcendentalist or Not? :: Essays Papers

Herman Melville An Anti- Transcendentalist or Not? Melville, Herman (1819-91), American novelist, a major literary figure whose exploration of psychological and metaphysical themes foreshadowed 20th-century literary concerns barely whose works remained in obscurity until the 1920s, when his genius was finally recognized. Melville was born rattling(a) 1, 1819, in New York City, into a family that had declined in the world. The Gansevoorts were solid, stable, eminent, prosperous people the (Hermans Fathers side) Melvilles were middling less successful materially, possessing an unpredictable. erratic, mercurial strain. (Edinger 6). This difference between the Melvilles and Gansevoorts was the beginning of the flurry for the Melville family. Hermans mother tried to work her way up the social lead by moving into bigger and better homes. While borrowing coin from the bank, her husband was spending more than he was earning. It is my conclusion that Maria Melville neer committed hers elf emotionally to her husband, but remained primarily attached to the well dour Gansevoort family. (Humford 23) Allan Melville was also attached financially to the Gansevoorts for support. There is a lot of bear witness concerning Melvilles relation to his mother Maria Melville. Apparently the older son Gansevoort who carried the mothers world-class name was distinctly her favorite. (Edinger 7) This was a sense of alienation the Herman Melville felt from his mother. This was one and only(a) of the prototypal symbolists to the Biblical Ishamel. In 1837 he shipped to Liverpool as a confine boy. Upon returning to the U.S. he taught school and then sailed for the South oceans in 1841 on the whaler Acushnet. After an 18 month voyage he neglectful the ship in the Marquesas Islands and with a companion lived for a month among the natives, who were cannibals. He escaped aboard an Australian trader, leaving it at Papeete, Tahiti, where he was wrapped temporarily. He worked as a fiel d laborer and then shipped to Honolulu, Hawaii, where in 1843 he enlisted as a seaman on the U.S. Navy frigate united States. After his discharge in 1844 he began to create novels out of his experiences and to matter part in the literary life of Boston and New York City. Melvilles first five novels all achieved quick popularity. Typee A Peep at Polynesian Life (1846), Omoo, a Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847), and Mardi (1849) were romances of the South Sea islands. Redburn, His First Voyage (1849) was based on his own first touch off to sea, and White-Jacket, or the World in a Man-of-War (1850) fictionalized his experiences in the navy.

Mainstreaming Should be the Parents Decision Essay -- Argumentative Pe

Mainstreaming Should be the Parents Decision Integrating children with wounds into regular schoolrooms (also known as mainstreaming) has been a extensive issue in cultivational activity systems recently. The goal of mainstreaming is providing the intimately appropriate and honest education to a child in the least restrictive scene and so the question of where the children with hitchs benefit the most is the question that is the hardest to answer. In the 1960s thither was no question. No one even thought active taking a child with a handicap out of special education and placing them within a regular classroom. But now, destinyly because of enhances requests, select civilize districts are mainstreaming. The debate over mainstreaming being good or uncool nominate be easily taken from either side. The severity of the handicap and how great the need is for extra help play an important part in determining if placing a child with a mental handicap into a regular classroom would benefit the child the most. But in a case of a handicap such as Downs Syndrome, a regular classroom setting is not the best possible position for that child. Therefore, special education is the best choice. A classic story about the advantages and disadvantages of mainstreaming was told in a segment of Turning Point. The segment focused nearly two young boys, both with Downs Syndrome, who were place in two incompatible schools for the duration of a year. Bobby had returned to his school for the mentally handicapped while Seans arrive had fought to get him out of that school and placed into a regular classroom in a public school. The segment followed each of the boys experience and bring forward throughout the year. The greatest benefit of special education, s... ...has gotten a little come apart with hitting and kicking, but it is still a big problem. Sean gets frustrated when he cant do something so he takes it out on someone else by being viole nt. This cases concern among the parents of the regular children. They have a feeling that Sean can be distracting to the other students and so cause the teachers to pay less management to them and more to Sean. Mainstreaming will be an important issue in education in years to come. It is hard to say if mainstreaming is good or insalubrious since I think it differs with every case. For someone with only a deliverance impairment, mainstreaming may be the right thing to do. It should be up to the parent to decide what they feel is best for their child. Although I disagree that Sean is getting the most by being in a regular classroom, his mother feels other than and I respect her choices.

The Soliloquies of Shakespeares Hamlet - To be or not to be Soliloquy :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet -- To be or not to be soliloquy When the Bard of Avon created Hamlet, he simultaneously created the famous soliloquy ever verbalized by English-speaking men. Thus it is that literary critics rank Hamlets fourth soliloquy as the most not equal to(p) ever penned. permits examine in this essay how such a utmost ranking is deserved, and what the soliloquy means. In his essay An Explication of the Players Speech, stimulate Levin refers to the fourth soliloquy as the most famous of them all fireside on gross details and imperfections of the flesh (Eyes without feeling, feeling without collection), Hamlet will admonish his mother that sense-perception is dulled by sottish indulgence. Here insensibility is communicated by a rhetorical assault upon the senses principally the very faculties of eyes and ears, but incidentally touch and even taste. going away the senseless Priam to the insensate Pyrrhus, after another hiatus of half a line (37), the lecture addresses violent o bjurgations to the bitch-goddess Fortune, about whom Hamlet has lately round the bend ribald jokes with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern whose buffets and rewards he prizes Horatio for suffering with equanimity against whom he will, in the most famous of all soliloquies my italics, be tempted to take arms. (36) Marchette Chute in The account statement Told in Hamlet describes just how close the hero is to suicide magic spell reciting his most famous soliloquy Hamlet enters, desperate enough by this time to be thinking of suicide. It seems to him that it would be such a undisputable way of escape from torment, just to cease existing, and he gives the famous speech communication on suicide that has never been worn thin by repetition. To be, or not to be . . . It would be easy to stop living. To die, to sleep No more. And by a sleep to say we end The heartache and the grand piano natural shocks That flesh is heir to . . . But Hamlet has never succeeded in deceiving himself, and h e cannot do so now. . . . He will not . . . be able to kill himself. He has thought too much about it to be able to take any action. (39) Considering the context of this most notable soliloquy, the speech appears to be a reaction from the determination which ended the rogue and eclogue slave soliloquy. In fact, in the Quarto of 1603 the To be speech comes in the first place the players scene and the nunnery scene and is thus more logically positioned to show its wound up connection to the previous soliloquy (Nevo 46).

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affirmative ActionIn the Human Rights Act, Chapter 214 of the revised statutes, 1989, itstates that in recognition that human rights must be protected by the radiation diagram of fairness, this Legislature affirms the principal that every person is free and play offin dignity and rights without regard to race, religion, religious creed, colour,sex, physical or mental impairment or ethnic or internal origin.Unfortunately though, sometimes this law is not always abided by. Women,aboriginal people who atomic number 18 physically or mentally challenged, and visible(a)minorities have often been denied employment equity, or equal employmentopportunities due to discriminatory practices. These groups should enjoy equalrepresentative parting of employment opportunities in all occupations and at alllevels.An example of unlikeness that denies equal opportunity is thepractice of allowing members of these four groups to advance within a companyonly to a certain level. The company may st art to be equitable by includingmembers of these groups in management positions. However, the top administratorpositions are still out of reach for members of these groups not because thesepeople are not qualified for the jobs, but because they are discriminatedagainst. Legislation, including the federal Employment legality Act, exists toensure employment equity. Such legislation requires employers to report whatproportion of their employees sound to these four groups. Employers must thenprove that all groups are every bit represented at all levels within theirorganizations.Affirmative accomplishment promotes equivalence in the workplace in such areas ashiring, training-apprenticeships, promotion, compensation, transfer, layoff,termination and goals. It in like manner promotes equal employment opportunities forthose groups or individuals who are disadvantaged due to race, religion, creed,colour, disability, case or ethnic origin, sex, age or marital status.Affirmative action programs are designed to improve the lot of people who havesuffered as a result of past discrimination.By the year 2000, white males volition likely account for only 15% of impudentlyworkers - 85% of new workers will consist of women, aboriginal people,physically or mentally challenged people, and members of visible minorities.The number of women and minorities has increased in many occupations because ofaffirmative action programs. just about companies actually make a point ofadvertising that they are adapted Opportunity Employers.Application forms and advertisements for employment should not make any examination that directly or indirectly expresses or invites any limitation,specification, preference or information as to age, race, colour, religion,creed, sex, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability, ethnic, national

White Privilege in America Essay -- Race Racial Racism Supremacy

What is perk? What does it mean? Is favor inherited or is it earned? As an American resident of color Ive learned that privilege in this country is something that is innate and inherited. The privilege that I speak of is that of White privilege. there are two prominent writer/scholars who have taken the rationalise of sporting privilege to heart and have shared their expert analysis on the subject these authors/writer-scholars are Peggy McIntosh, a white feminist, and Beverly Tatum, an African American Psychologist. McIntosh, in her article Coming to See Correspondences, makes excellent observations about the privilege that she has experienced just by being a white fe potent in America. The two most significant focalises made by McIntosh in this article are as follows. One, A white skin in the United States opens many doors for whites whether or not we approve of the way mastery has been conferred on usthe silence and denials surrounding privilege are the aboriginal politic al tools here (P. 104). The second and even more important point is that the obliviousness about white advantage, like obliviousness about male advantage, is kept strongly inculturated in the United States so as to find the myth of meritocracy, the myth that democratic choice is equ on the wholey available to allprops up those in power and overhauls to keep power in the hands of the same groups that have most of it already (105). both(prenominal) points serve McIntoshs objective of making clear that the notion of white privilege is not a myth. Due to the socially constructed and arbitrary nature of ideologies concerning wash (a biological, phenotypic/ (physical) expression of human features) the highly immoral and nonsensical implement whether recognized or not of white supr... ... of defeatism in which people of color decline to adhere to the demands and requirements of popular culture because they believe their efforts and accomplishments will go unrecognized. This mental di tch works against the advancement of people of color and serves to further bear on the institutionalized practice of passive racism by influencing minority groups to bear off themselves from the realm of socio-economic mobility, the attainment of education and involvement in political activity.Both authors have recognized the fundamental structures behind privilege specifically white privilege in America. Their purpose and that of many civil right activists of our sequence is to bring awareness to those who are in positions of privilege to bring diverge that fosters the spirit of inclusion, reform and progression into Americas social and mainstream environments.

F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood :: Biography Biographies Essays

F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood I saw the novel...was decorous subordinated to a mechanical...art...I had a hunch that the talkies would make even the best change novelist as archaic as silent pictures. (Mizener 165) F. Scott Fitzgerald was keenly aware of the slipperiness in the publics interest from novels to movies. This change made Hollywood stand altogether for Fitzgerald as the sole means for expressing his talent and for gaining appropriate recognition, as salutary as the new way to make money. For F. Scott Fitzgerald, the combination of celebrity and monetary benefits made Hollywood an alluring scene.In 1927 Fitzgerald got his first chance to go to Hollywood. The financially strained Fitzgeralds moved out to California when Scott accepted an rear from John Considine of get together Artists. While in Hollywood, Zelda and Scott fell into a refreshing social scene. It was during this time that Scott met the actress Lois Moran. The mutual attraction inspired Scott to take a projection screen test so that he could star in a movie with her. While Scott never got to act with Lois, he did use her to fix the character of Rosemary in Tender Is the Night - even including the screen test arrangement Social engagements aside, Fitzgerald worked hard on his script for United Artists. Titled Lipstick, the movie was to be designed specifically for Constance Talmadge, a long-familiar actress of the time. The script was ultimately rejected, however, and the Fitzgeralds left California. Years later, Fitzgerald commented on this time in Hollywood, At that time, I had been generally acknowledged for several years as the top American writer both seriously and, as out-of-the-way(prenominal) as prices went, popularly. I...was confidant to the point of conceit. Hollywood made a sizeable fuss over us and the ladies all looked very beautiful to a man of thirty. I honestly believed that with no effort on my parcel I was a sort of magician with words...T otal result - a bully time and no work. I was to be paid only a small amount unless they made my picture - they didnt. (Mizener 205) Fitzgerald had officially begun his painful race with Hollywood, which for the remainder of his life would simultaneously represent endless promise and regular frustration.The second time Fitzgerald went to Hollywood was in 1931, under the invitation of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer who wanted Scott to do an adaptation of Red-Headed Woman, a book by Katherine Brush.

Moving Between Different Cultures in Poetry Essay -- Half Caste Search

Moving amid Different Cultures in PoetryFor my essay I will be looking at two poetrys which deal with theexperience of miserable amid contrary cultures, these are Half-Casteand Search for My applauder. These poems are written from experience.John Agard the power of Half-Caste was born in Gugana and go toBritain in 1977. He is half-caste himself and his poem expresses hisfeelings round the term half-caste.Sujata Bhatt the authoress of Search for My Tongue was born in Indiain 1956, her family moved to the United States of America in the1960s and she now lives in Germany. In her poem Search for My Tongueshe explains how she feels about having two different addresss herbirth language, Gujerati and her hour language, German.Half-Caste and Search for My Tongue, create very vivid images, whichmakes it easier for the reader to interpret and get a line both thepoems and the authors opinion on the different cultures.Half- Caste creates many images, by using descriptive language and humour. It creates such images as a man, standing on leg and havinghalf mih ear because he is only half-caste so he only has half whata normal person would have but it also creates images about objectsmix a red an green is a half-caste canvas and even music mix a smuggled key wid a white key is a half-caste symphony. This helps thereader to represent how the author is feeling about the termhalf-caste, and can also bring to a conclusion about the termthemselves. All the imagery in this poem makes the reader conceptualise abouthow anybody who has ever been called half-caste feels.Search for My Tongue creates a very vivid image using very descriptivemetaphors, it grows back, a stump of a shoot, grows ... ...age which creates vividimages for the reader. Using gujerati in the shopping center of the poems battle arraysthat her mother tongue, her birth language, is still strong and attimes, even stronger consequently her second language.In conclusion both of these poems deal with th e issues faced whenmoving between different cultures in their own ways. They both uselanguage and imagery to express their messages Half- Caste exploresthe way that we use the term half-caste in our vocabulary andexaggerates it. This is to a great effect as it makes the reader thinkmore about racial issues and the way that we treat people fromdifferent cultures. Search for my Tongue deals with moving betweendifferent cultures by in reality writing about the language barriers andlosing your identity. This is how we can link the poems together andshow how people move between different cultures.

The Three Great Compromises :: essays research papers

The Three Great CompromisesThe United States of America was founded on the nates of agree, butwhat does compromise really mean? According to the Websters New dry landDictionary compromise means "an adjustment of opposing principles". Politicalsystems use of goods and services compromises in daily life. The Three Great Compromises thatoccurred early in this nations government were the com deputeed tomography Compromise, the3/5 Compromise, and finally the Commerce & striver Trade Compromise. Were it nonfor these compromises the United States could still be governed under theArticles of Conferderation.The Connecticut Compromise was the most important compromise in the historyof the U.S. government. The representatives from each(prenominal) state were going to changethe government totally, from powerful state governments to a powerful centralgovernment, which they vowed not to do when they declared independence fromEngland. Rhode Island was so disgusted with the idea o f changing the governmentthat they did not even count to the meeting. Finally after all the debating andeach state overreachting their say, they "compromised" on a plan where they would havetwo governmental houses, one world the House of Representatives and the secondbeing the Senate, with the Senate being the stronger of the two houses. TheHouse of Representatives was ground on each states population, that is the more thanpeople in the state the more representatives that state would get. The Senate say that regardless of the states population each state would get tworepresentatives all with equal say.The 3/5 Compromise was principally about break ones backs. The issue in this compromisewas should slaves be counted for determining federal agency for each state? TheNorth did not want them to be counted because they were considered possessions,not citizens, and that meant less representation for them. The South, on theother hand, wanted them to be counted because that meant that they could sop uplaws more beneficial to the South since they would have more representation. Sothey "compromised" and said that each slave counted 3/5 of a person.The final compromise was the Commerce & Slave Trade Compromise. The issuehere was should copulation be able to regulate trade and should the United Statescontinue with slave trading? The North felt that Congress should control tradeand put an end to slave trading. The South was fearful of Northern jealousy of southern agriculture trade with England, and the South was also wary of Congress

The Life of Benjamin Franklin Essay -- American America History

The Life of genus Benzoin FranklinOf two things you can be certain(prenominal) death and taxes, quoted asa dulcis Franklin. Having a humorous outlook on life, Franklin tried to make others lives better. Benjamin was a man who served others and tried to make the military personnel its best until his death. Benjamin Franklin had many accomplishments. He had a busy and eventful life, he played a study role in fend for his country, and he was known for his quotes. Franklin was always working to make something better.He fulfill many things, except he started at the bottom of the career chain. Benjamin had many different jobs before he settled. His first job was dowery his father make candles. But at age twelve he became restless and ran away to Philadelphia to work. At first, he worked for his brother-in-law as a printers apprentice, but family problems caused him to find work elsewhere. Because of the training he received, he started to work for the protactinium Gazette and pu rchased the company in 1729. In 1748, he sold the makeup and went to work for the government. During his life he was a printer, author, inventor, and diplomat.Franklin also played the harp, violin, and guitar which expresses his retentive have it away for music and his love for learning. Benjamin cared that young people got a good education he thought that education today is leadership and success of tomorrow. He thought that it was important to have a love of reading and founded the first public library in America in 1731 the Philadelphia Library. In 1732, Franklin published Poor Richards Almanac with the pen name Richard Saunders. In 1749, he wrote Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania. In 1751, he completed Philadelphia Academy, later known as Univer... ...patients for one particular reason he wasnt patient (Bingelow 179).This very accomplished man, who, during his eventful life, played a major role for this country and quoted different events will b e in the police wagon of man for eternity. Benjamin Franklin will live on forever finished time, and his courage and faith will never die as long as there is life on Earth and souls who live in this free country, America. Works CitedBingelow, John. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. III ed. Philadelphia Lippincott and Co., 1875.Bingelow, John. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. II ed. Philadelphia Lippincott and Co., 1875.Davidson, James and Michael Stoff. American Nation. New Jersey Prentice-Hall Inc., 1986.The Harvard Classics Franklin, Woolman, Penn. New York pitman and Sons Corp., 1909.VanDoven, Carl. Benjamin Franklin. New York The Viking, 1938.

Organic Chemistry Essay -- Chemistry

Chemistry has been called the science of what things are. Its intent is the exploration of the nature of the materials that reconstruct our physical environment, why they hold the different properties that depict them, how their atomic bodily social structure may be fathomed, and how they may be manipulated and changed.Although complete reactions shake been conducted by man since the discovery of fire, the science of Organic chemistry did not relegate until the turn of the eighteenth ascorbic acid, mainly in France at first, then in Germ any, later on in England. By far the largest variety of materials that bomb us are made up of organic fertiliser elements. The beginning of the ordinal blow was also the dawn of chemistry, all organic substances were understood as all being materials produced by living organisms wood, b unmatched, cloth, food, medicines, and the complex substances that configure the valet de chambre body. Inorganic material was believed to come from the Earth salt, metals, and rock, just to name a few. Because of the tender-hearteds wonder of natural life, organic materials were believed to possess an perplexing Vital push up. Thus organic chemistry was free from inorganic chemistry, and it became its own field of science. By the turn of the Nineteenth the Vital nip possibleness was immensely discredited, but this branch of science still stayed garbled from inorganic chemistry. Back when Organic chemistry was the chemistry of living matter, professor Wohler succeeded in synthesizing in the laboratory an organic compound previously ascertained in living tissue as Urea. professor Wohler made this organic compound from non-living chemical substance, ammonium ion Cyanate. He evaporated a solution of ammonium ion Cyanate to produce Urea. Thus rendering the Vital Force possibility to be with flaws. Other famous examineations proved the vitalism theory was wrong. In 1845 Kolbe synthesized acetic acid, the question(prenomin al) comp unmatchablent in vinegar, in a flow of reactions starting with Carbon, the experiment is demonstrated better defined since acetic acid (C6H4O2) is a carbon-carbon bond. The theory of vitalism, like many different scientific theories, disappeared slowly under the cargo of accumulated evidence rather than as a consequence of any one brilliant and enlightening experiment. Structural theory, which relegateed in the 1860s, started the flake major period of growth in the organic chemistry field. The de... ...reactions were already known and in active use to synthesize organic compounds into early(a) compounds, only with this understanding of the nature of a chemical bond did a clear reason of the nature an mechanism of chemical reactions begin to appear. This forget be clear when one realizes that the transformation of one molecule to another, a chemical reaction, requires the breaking of some bonds and the making of others. This process could not be understood until one k new what a bond is. Thus if the nineteenth century was give to unraveling the fixed structures of molecules, the twentieth century volition be devote to the study of their transformations.The study of science and more specifically the study of organic chemistry is an on going affair. In the scientific community one never rests, there is a continual stream of experimentation and the disposition to explore new realms. The cutting edge in science is grounded in the medical field. How can we manipulate genetic codes the building blocks of life? The things we control learned over the years are allowing us to build those connect to the future, a future that might see an improvement in the pitying condition by way of organic chemistry. Organic Chemistry analyse -- Chemistry Chemistry has been called the science of what things are. Its intent is the exploration of the nature of the materials that conciliate our physical environment, why they hold the different prope rties that depict them, how their atomic structure may be fathomed, and how they may be manipulated and changed.Although organic reactions have been conducted by man since the discovery of fire, the science of Organic chemistry did not develop until the turn of the eighteenth century, mainly in France at first, then in Germany, later on in England. By far the largest variety of materials that stream us are made up of organic elements. The beginning of the ordinal century was also the dawn of chemistry, all organic substances were understood as all being materials produced by living organisms wood, bone, cloth, food, medicines, and the complex substances that configure the sympathetic body. Inorganic material was believed to come from the Earth salt, metals, and rock, just to name a few. Because of the humans wonder of natural life, organic materials were believed to possess an equivocal Vital Force. Thus organic chemistry was separated from inorganic chemistry, and it became its own field of science. By the turn of the Nineteenth the Vital Force theory was immensely discredited, but this branch of science still stayed separated from inorganic chemistry. Back when Organic chemistry was the chemistry of living matter, Professor Wohler succeeded in synthesizing in the laboratory an organic compound previously observe in living tissue as Urea. Professor Wohler made this organic compound from non-living chemical substance, Ammonium Cyanate. He evaporated a solution of Ammonium Cyanate to produce Urea. Thus rendering the Vital Force theory to be with flaws. Other famous experiments proved the vitalism theory was wrong. In 1845 Kolbe synthesized acetic acid, the chief component in vinegar, in a flow of reactions starting with Carbon, the experiment is demonstrated better defined since acetic acid (C6H4O2) is a carbon-carbon bond. The theory of vitalism, like many other scientific theories, disappeared slowly under the clog of accumulated evidence rather than as a consequence of any one brilliant and enlightening experiment. Structural theory, which developed in the 1860s, started the hour major period of growth in the organic chemistry field. The de... ...reactions were already known and in active use to synthesize organic compounds into other compounds, only with this understanding of the nature of a chemical bond did a clear reason of the nature an mechanism of chemical reactions begin to appear. This will be clear when one realizes that the transformation of one molecule to another, a chemical reaction, requires the breaking of some bonds and the making of others. This process could not be understood until one knew what a bond is. Thus if the nineteenth century was devoted to unraveling the fixed structures of molecules, the twentieth century will be devoted to the study of their transformations.The study of science and more specifically the study of organic chemistry is an on going affair. In the scientific community one never rests , there is a continual stream of experimentation and the bank to explore new realms. The cutting edge in science is grounded in the medical field. How can we manipulate genetic codes the building blocks of life? The things we have learned over the years are allowing us to build those link to the future, a future that might see an improvement in the human condition by way of organic chemistry.