The Global Fast Food Industry Marketing Essay

The Global Fast Food Industry Marketing EssayMcDonalds Incorpo ranged recognized as a premier franchising affair around the demesne, leading planetary pabulum service retail merchant having over estimately ab egress 32,000 local eaterys which serveits favourite foods The World Famous - Fries, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, cowardly McNuggets and Egg McMuffin to to a greater extent than than Sixty four (64) million race in117 countries from each one daytime. Primarily , McDonalds , cut fries, breakfast items, sells hamburgers, nuggets cheeseburgers, chicken ,ice -cream soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts. In response to changing consumer mouthfuls, the come with has expanded its circuit card to imply salads, sundae , fish, wraps, and smoothies .McDonalds has made convenience a bring up factor in its success as downstairs -ConvenienceRestaurant locations argon so prevalent in suburban towns and cities that you are never more then a few minutes away by car or by foot. McD onalds eaterys commitd inside for customer availability Shopping centers and strip m e actually last(predicate)(a)s gener in anyy have a McDonalds happen upon ond or within walking distance , ordainingness to innovate, even while striving to get hold of consistency in the action of its some(prenominal) outlets and likewise McDonalds to operate 24-hour drive-thruhttps//encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcSaDWH9X4IAsCkYCWZgWNc_q4LxAEkVxQlEBJMHhRmORRuzjvBRZA https//encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcScMysGdHJbfJD_0k8b95FTtL_PYzGxvfNnh950cxLGQc4xZwby7gAffordabilityMcDonalds considered as Fast food, fast-moving lifeFast food has its own place in todays fast-paced life as time is limited. A recent report reveals that up to 70% of the respondents surveyed eat out all day, and among them, 77% head for fast food restaurants between superstar and trey times a week aboutly for lunch.The worlds largest restaurant chain posted 10 percent reaping in its third-qu arter profit that topped market estimates, McDonalds has economic downturns because of the affordability of its menu give customers the option to eat a full meal at a small costBecause of the fast-food restaurants ability to appeal to low-income and middle crystallize families, the go with continues to see profit gain.https//encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcSq5soyD0JnZJWlswY1-RPEVWxZlIsip8aezyhd-2JoriH0oX7hhttps//encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcT6x5kVSJXctzLYo3ymxeo2hTCGcKkhkbsbst3J2PLvV86C2_HgeAhttps//encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcSU9kbCjmlumQPiVI7YFqaps5W-Stg9zsLGJVyo17tcZOK1dAFetANutritionMcDonalds as well as pledged to provide customer-friendly nutrition in pissation on menu items. Customers have access to the caloric and fat content to make better choices. This acknowledgement of customer wellness has helped keep McDonalds successful.On the organizations website, McDonalds states that part of its success is due to its commitment to th e well- cosmos of customers. McDonalds established a global advisory council to provide expert guidance on nutrition and well-being. To satisfy health-conscious customers, the fast-food company began to include high- whole step choices on the menu. Customers are able to choose from hamburgers or salads as their main entre. Apples may also take the place of French fries in childrens Happy Meals.French fries are considered to be one of the most sellable items. The very main reason for this is that no matter what other crossway the consumer is inactive willing to buy, but in every set French fries are included automaticallyhttps//encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcREJNJ9dZIHZuem2xdZmHZnlEy28McSgaiYZROEwfXui7YunpWUjwhttps//encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcQmfq5H6VzUZLw9DPxQ_StveJlWCVxU1QprfH_5zfIp77uFNmBkThe global fast-food industry is dynamic with variety ofcompetitors. This report identify the current factors influencingthe industry specifically management o n McDonalds Corporation,which considered as the current global leader.Based on the analysis, the report identify several areas for rise andmakes strategic recommendations for McDonalds to enhance itsposition. . McDonald s mountains revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurantsProactive strategies, interesting promotions and a constant update of menus while retaining the best-selling signature items will boost the frequency of customers visits. McDonalds, for example, has chalked up impressive sales by offering seasonally-based toys with its Happy Meals. It also scored points as a front thawner in offering free internet connectivity at its outlets when WiFi was not freely getable at many public places.A McDonalds restaurant is operated by either a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itselfAs a result, taglines much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Subways Eat fresh, McDonalds Im lOving it and the oft- repeated story of Colonel Sanders secret recipe in Kentucky Fried Chicken can influence dining decisionshttps//encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcSxCB6gIIu_lggbJZTL9_HKwadqOb6DzIEmi0uw8pjdus9Q3tLUqAThe earlier stages of McDonalds attracted more families than it did other categories, nowadays, McDonalds has made it exit that it positions itself to target and cater community of all backgrounds. Suitable for people of various needs and wants from families to young children, to people who love to enjoy life to people who are on the go, and meat lovers to vegetarians, virtually anybody and everybody can get word something on the menu for themselves.https//encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcQRZib45RcWFIr_BAO1s3J7mkUlJLfDrpYyCokKM_9BfT14jNJQNg https//encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbnANd9GcQD0Du3jvRQNteJNUTBOXDufWNtPkgI10_GndFYvVPqgtXgtEkYlQ.Other products such as salads are relatively immature in this restaurant. The send-off salads were added to its menu in 1985. Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health so, McDonalds puts its all efforts to achieve more and not lose any of the potential customers.The biggest soft drink provider is the Coca-Cola Company. Hot and iced tea is delivered by SD Coffee in the US), hot chocolate, various juice and other regional beverages such as milkshakes are available in various markets all around the globe.Desserts are considered to be the last big group of products in McDonalds restaurants. It includes such items as ice-cream (McFlurry), McDonaldland cookies, Freshly Baked cookies, Pies, Cinnamon melts, the take and yougurt parfait, smoothies and other items which depending on the region and country.McDonalds Business StrategyMcDonalds has pursued 2 strategies since 2003. To be in the run with the fast changing customer preferences, demographics and spending patterns, McDonalds has introduced novel items in their menu including angus beef burger and bountifulness chicken sandwiches and does campaigns to create more healthy foods including salads on the side. This strategy basically reflects the beliefs that mental home as conflicting to reliability to traditional products is the key determinant towards success in the fast food industry.They have also focused more on increasing their sales at their current restaurants instead of opening new ones. To do so, McDonalds has redesigned many of their restaurants, kept their stores open till late and change magnitude menu options. Nonetheless, new restaurants are still getting opened around the world at a rapid pace the company plans to open or so 1,000 units in 2010, and continues to produce its new restaurants at a 1%-2% rate each year.Size MattersSize of McDonalds has three main advantages* McDonalds has a strategy of uniform menu offerings that can be accumulation produced, lowering production costs.* Bargaining power with their suppliers reduces input costs with improved margins.* Large advertizing costs mea n lots of exposure towards domestic and international market.Mission. Vision. ValuesMcDonalds brand mission didactics is to Be our customers favoriteplace and way to eat .McDonalds are committed to improvingoperations and enhancing customers experience. .. world-wide operations have been aligned around a global strategy called the Plan to win cantering on the fivebasics of an exceptional customer experience such as -Place, Promotion, People Products and PriceProviding the gauzy service to all customers and achieve the growth with a profit through strengths as McDonalds system innovation and technologyThis mission includes becoming of the best employer for people in eachlocal community one by one in location.The Mission Be the best employer for our people in each community around the worldDeliver operational excellence to our customers in each of our restaurantsAchieve enduring profitable growth by expanding the brand and also leveragingThe vision of McDonalds is to be the best qu ick service restaurant inthe whole world . McDonalds company states that their fosters in practice are thecorporate responsibility of the company. . It refers to undischarged Quality, Cleanliness, HighQuality Service and High Value Food in order to make every customer satisfied and made sure customer smile. McDonalds values is customer satisfaction which is very consequential .McDonalds show the appreciation by serving a high quality food andsuperior service. It is said. Their concentratedvalues helped them to become who they are and that the reason for McDonalds existence are customers.The work together with suppliers and independentfranchisees to achieve a sustainable upcoming not only for the companybut for the communities in which they operate as well. They also strive to achieve a welcoming environment by greeting all customers nicely and perfectly . They are individually accountable and collectivelyresponsible.They are achieving some goals and most significantlyopen lines of communication is the main value between customer and also to theother stakeholders.Another value is to be committed to people who are working to them.They do believe that working in a well-trained team with interculturalexperiences and backgrounds are the core of success.The other value is that they believe in the McDonalds System.. McDonalds obliged to grow byplay profitably as long as it ispublicly traded company. This requires not only focus on gaining moremoney but also on customers and the health of the whole system.Ethic in vexation is also one of the important values.The changing environment, customer, employee and systems need lead to theMcDonalds evolution and innovation as well. impression Analysis is an analytical tool for strategic fear planning.PESTLE is a strategic framework for pinch outside influences on a business.There are many macro-environment factors that effect strategic planning such as New laws, tax changes, trade barriers, demographic change.Macro-e nvironment factors includes all the factors that influence an organization, but are out of its direct control.Macro-environment factors tend to have a very long term impact.By understanding these external environments, organizations can maximize the opportunities and minimize the threats to the organizationPESTLE stands for Political, frugal, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental and is used for business and strategic planning, marketing planning, organizational change, business and product exploitation and research reports..PESTLE analysis answers 6 key questionsPolitical What are the political factors that are likely to affect the business?Economic What are the economic factors that will affect the business?Sociological What cultural aspects likely to affect the business?Technological What technical changes that may affect the business?Legal What current and impending commandment that will affect the business?Environmental- What are the environmental servants tha t may affect the business?Political FactorsPolitical factors relates to the pressures and opportunities brought by political institutions and to what period the government policies impact the business. Government policies Government term and change Trading policies Funding, grants and initiatives Lobbying and pressure groups Wars, terrorism and conflicts Elections and political trends Internal political issues Inter-country relationships Local commissioning processes Corruption BureaucracyPoliticalGlobal fast-food firms must coincide with country-specific political requirements, such as national minimum wage regulations, affecting costs. Hygiene and quality regulations sidetrack significantly between nations and may influence the quality of products provided by fast-food outlets . Different countries set varying regulations regarding labelling and packaging.Economic FactorsEconomic factors relates to economic policies, economic structures and to what degree the economy impacts th e business. Local economy Taxation Inflation engross Economy trends Seasonality issues Industry growth Import/export ratios International trade International exchange rateEconomicDespite the 2008 recession and the resulting decrease in consumer confidence across the globe, average consumer fast-food spending has additiond its due to convenience and low-cost. Consumers are still looking for the convenience of eating out, but are pinched to the low prices of fast-food over table-service restaurants (Financial Times, 2009). Many fast-food chains have capitalised upon the recession by introducing new deals in summing up to their already low-priced menus.Social FactorsSocial factors relates to the cultural aspects, attitudes, beliefs, that will affect the demand for a companys products and how the business operates. Demographics Media views of the industry Work ethic Brand, company, technology image Life path trends Cultural Taboos Consumer attitudes and opinions Consumer buying patt erns Ethical issues Consumer aim models Major events and influences Buying access and trends Advertising and publicityIncreasing consumer awareness about healthy lifestyles has pressured many fast-food players to offer healthier selections within their menus (BBC, 2011). This includes offering low-calorie options and salads alongside burgers, and prominently displaying nutritional content. The fast-food industry has also been heavily criticised for targeting young children by including toys within childrens mealsTechnological FactorsTechnological factors relates to the technological aspects, innovations, barriers and incentives, and to what degree these impact the business. Emerging technologies maturity of technology Technology legislation Research and Innovation Information and communications Competitor technology development Intellectual property issuesAs consumer familiarity with new technology increases, fast-food firms are using channels such as social media websites to eng age with their customers. For example, McDonalds is the 9th most liked brand on Facebook . Additionally, digital displays allow outlets to change their menus efficiently, to wooing the time of day and self-service ordering points have increased service speed and reduced labour party costs.Legal FactorsLegal factors relates to the laws, regulation and legislation that will affect the way the business operates. Current legislation Future legislation International legislation Regulatory bodies and processes Employment law Consumer protection Health and galosh regulations Money laundering regulations Tax regulations Competitive regulations Industry-specific regulationsGlobal operators must comply with country-specific regulations and legislation. This includes opening hours, taxation and participation regulations such as the National Minimum Wage Regulations in year of 1999 in the UK. Firms are a good deal required to meet national food standards such as the requirements set out by the US Food and Drug Administration (as known as FDA). Furthermore, authorities are becoming increasingly in a bad way(p) about childhood obesity associated with the industry and have tightened regulations regarding targeting childrenEnvironmental FactorsEnvironmental factors relates to the ecological and environmental aspects that will affect the demand for a companys products and how that business operates. Environmental regulations Ecological regulations Reduction of carbon footprint Sustainability relate of adverse weatherEnvironmental lobbyists and governments are pressuring the fast-food firms to become more green. Rainforests are being destroyed to increase the area of land for beef production to meet the demand for beef-burgers . Recycling is a prominent global issue and in response, McDonalds adopted recyclable packaging. Increased environmental awareness among consumers provides firms with a significant probability to position themselves as green to garner customer loy altyStrengths of McDonaldsIdentification of strengths weaknessesMcDonalds provides the best employees-business relationship such as providing an equal opportunity employer. As an equal opportunity employer McDonalds reckons that employees and job applicants are selected, trained, its promoted without discrimination to race, gender, internal orientation, age or disability.McDonalds brand strengths keep customer come back againFor quick-service restaurant patrons the most important factors that drive loyalty to a brand are good value and convenience, with low prices and quick-service being very important as well McDonalds has a clear image lead on all of these factors, with Subway consistently being the 2nd-best performing brand and Burger King and Wendys also performing wellThe imagination strength, behavior, weakness, synergy and distinctivecompetences are major components of the internal environment of anorganization. . McDonalds high repeat-purchase intention scores scorn thei r lower satisfaction scores illustrates the strength of their brand on the attributes that matter most to quick-service customers.Taking into consideration that McDonalds is a global company, workingits capital in many countries worldwide and known for almost allpeople in the world, we can point out such strengths of thisfranchiseIt is all about how the company manages to use itsresources and put into what outcome it brings.McDonalds is the market leader in both the domestic andinternational marketsThe coat of McDonalds, as it was mentioned before, its enormous and ithas an advantage of economies of scale, which is very crucial for everybusiness. McDonalds is a strong competitor for all sit-down restaurants becauseof its size, worldwide extent and famousness. Smaller brands need to find ways to differentiate among themselves to gain serving of wallet in this ultra-competitive segment.Diversifying business worldwide in various countries let to reduce orat least to verify the risk o f business and find best advantages ofdifferent countries economies.McDonalds also takes an advantage of a long-term economic growth asan international company.It is also known that McDonalds has a strong actually estate portfolio,which is also considered as strength of a company.The companys outlets are located in areas that are super known forvisibility, traffic volume and ease of access. It can adapt to the needs of the societies and undergo an innovative product line.McDonalds promotes and sustains a working environment, which is free from unlawful discrimination, harassment and bullyingThe brand of McDonalds is easy recognised among competitors and is very strong.Through aggressive market planning, MacDonalds has been able torecapture its youth market once again.Viewing the strengths of McDonalds form consumer eyes, the strengthscan be more focused on brand, famousness, quick supply of a food, goodtaste of food, which often lead even to an addiction ofMcDonalds foods, also mo stly well perceived personnel civil andperforming their job well.Weaknesses of McDonaldsWeaknessesSaturated Nature of Business The company has a presence in nearly every nook and cranny the world has to offer, so in that respect is not much more dwell to runMcDonalds has a very coarse extent in the world, has a strongstrategy, feels comfortable in a market and well known brand , however,as all business it faces some difficulties or some threats and as allbusiness has some internal weaknesses but can be place only by professionaleconomists, which actually cannot be alwaysvisual by individual eyes, The heavyset of McDonalds weaknesses might beLooming market saturation which it can lead to difficulties inadvertising new products. new-fangled Disappointment Recently the company has reported declining revenues and a great strain on their same-store growth rate however in the long-term view of things these short- term issues should not prove significantMcDonalds also a low innovativ e companyFast growing and competitive market. That makes company to face income problemsIncome problems and huge emulation do not let the range ofproduction rise into value ones but makes to diversify a range ofcheap and quickly made ones.Nevertheless, fast foodindustry is not a esteem industry in most of nowadays point of viewbecause of rising number of various diseases caused by fast, unhealthyfood. Moreover, McDonalds food might seem more unhealthy and fattyfood, rather then delicious. And there the price seemed as low doesnthelp in case of quality of foodLow bar to Entry All a person has to possess to compete with McDonalds is food, and it is an under-exaggeration to say that there is fierce achievement in the industry McDonalds operates inIn more simple view the McDonalds might have weaknesses because ofhuge competition in fast food industry.Vulnerability to Rising Input Costs The historic drouth this year has already caused food prices to soar, and this will cause McDonald s to face a situation in which they climbing prices for their customers or allow their margins to be squeezed, a lose-lose situationCharityMcDonald House charity offers thousands of sick children in estimate about 48 countries hope and it inspires courage. They say laughter is the best medicine and nothing makes people smile more than a Happy Meal. world-policy-heroAt McDonalds we recognize our responsibilities to protect and preserve the environment for future generations to comeInternal and External environment analysis for McdonaldsThis McDonald business is ranked as number 1 in the Fortune Magazines 2008 list of most admired food service companies.McDonalds has been a thriving business since year 1955 and 20 of the top 50 corporate staff employees started as a restaurant train employee. Fortune Magazine 2005 listed McDonalds as the Best Place to Work for Minorities.They have an efficient, fictionalisation line style of food preparation. In addition they have a systemization a nd duplication of all their food prep processes in every restaurant.McDonalds is a community oriented, socially responsible company. They run McDonald House facilities, which provide room and food ,board and sibling support at a cost of only $10 a day for families with children needing lengthy hospital care. McDonald Houses are located in more than 259 local communities worldwide, and McDonald Care Mobile programs offers cost good medical, dental and education services to children. They also sponsor Olympic athletes.They successfully and easily adapt their global restaurants to appeal to the cultural differences. Example, they serve lamb burgers in India they provide separate entrances for families and single women.McDonalds uses only deoxycytidine monophosphate% pure USDA inspected beef, no fillers or additives. Additionally the produce is farm fresh. McDonalds serves 100% farm raised chicken no fillers or additives and only grade-A eggs. McDonalds foods are purchased from only certified and inspected suppliers. McDonalds works closely with ranchers, growers and suppliers to ensure food quality and freshness.McDonalds only serves name brand processed items such as Dannon Yogurt, Kraft Cheese, clutch Chocolate, Dasani Water, Newmans Own Salad Dressings, Heinz Ketchup, Minute Maid Juice.McDonalds takes food safety very seriously. More than 2000 inspections checks are performed at every stage of the food process. McDonalds are required to run through 72 safety protocols every day to ensure the food is maintained in a clean contaminate free environment.McDonalds was the first restaurant of its type to provide consumers with nutrition information. Nutrition information is printed on all packaging and more belatedly added to the McDonalds Internet site. McDonalds offers salads, fruit, roasted chicken, bottled water and other low fat and calorie conscious alternatives.It has branded menu items e.g. Big Mac, Chicken McNuggets, which further promote McDonalds.Mc Donalds EgyptHas the second largest market share in Egypt with branches exceeding 60. instant(prenominal) delivery service provided in Egypt.Nutrition information is printed on all packagingSafety protocols and quality assurance to serve best quality food.More than 92% of suppliers are Egyptian (Halal)Efficient assembly line to serve food as fast as possible with maintaining high quality.McDonalds is the first restaurant in Egypt to provide drive through in 7 branches.Has a joint venture with instance petroleum.Sponsors many events and football teams.Cares about the environment by recycling the oil used in preparedness for delivery motorcycles.

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Delta Airlines Tourism Essay

The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Delta crinklelines Tourism try onSince the establishment of Delta Airlines in 1928, it has played a pivotal role in what the melodic phrase effort is today. Delta air passages domiciliate be con fontred without a doubt iodine respiratory tract that has retained in melodic phrase done ups and belt downs throughout its advance 90 years and continues to thrive in the commercial airline manufacture. Even though Delta Airlines has searchd to a greater extent obstacles throughout its register, Delta Airlines has had many success and triumphs. It is one of the major airlines that pass accomplished many things that other(a) airlines has non. one of the major points to Delta Airlines success is its ability to serve to a greater extent than 170 jillion passengers a year as stated on Delta Airlines website.Strengths Of Delta AirlinesDelta Airlines is constructed virtu onlyy many of its strengths such as origin anyy being the largest airl ine in the homo today as stated on the index of Delta airlines Website, precisely many of its strengths revolve around it being qualified to fly to 567 oecumenical destinations in all over 100 contrary countries. One of the authentichearted points of Delta Airlines being the worlds largest postman today is having 10 major hubs in all the major cities in the join States. Some cities include New York, Cincinnati, salt Lake City, Minneapolis, Detroit, as well as major cities in different countries such as Amsterdam, and Tokyo. This is one of the major stepping stones for a U.S. found airline company as it is able to expand to different continents around the globe.Another strength of Delta Airlines lies in its received languish of aircrafts that currently exist of 449 airplanes majority of which ar Boeing 757-200 series. Other aircrafts at Delta Airlines consist of Boeing 737, 767, 777, MD88 and MD90. Another advantage of using Delta Airlines is that throughout the comp anys history, to booking in that location has lone(prenominal) been one fatal accident back in 1996 as statistics show on the planecrashinfo.com website. Comp bed to other airlines history of fatal accidents Delta Airlines rates number 1 due to the fact there has been just one fatal accident and it has over 16 million courses a year.Being number 1 in passenger customer profit alone is just another(prenominal) part that helps to make Delta Airlines what it is today. passenger good, a clean history of flying, and flying to over 6 different continents around the globe leads to Delta Airlines having one of the highest gross r correctue in the airline industry. The company recorded revenues of $19,154 million during the financial year stop December 2007, an increase of 9.3% over 2006 as stated on the companies and markets / delta airlines website. Delta Airlines is one of the only main carriers that judge a drop in profits for the year 2008 yet it was able to chill out begin a higher revenue than other carriers in 2008.Delta Airlines has similarly come up with many innovative bloodline moves that has helped it to bring forth one of the most dominating in the airline industry today. Delta Airlines came up with their own occult airline inside the company on April 15th 2003. plead Airlines was a humbled cost airline for the find rough and middle class con rail and its main creation was to compete directly with Jetblue Air shipway. Not only has Song Airlines been a smart move for Delta Airlines but one of the most historic move in the airline industry has been the nuclear fusion reaction of Delta Airlines and Northwest Airlines. The unification came about as a way to veto the growth of airline competition in the industry and also to battle cost of fuel prices. In 2008 after both airlines merged to permither, Delta Airlines would capture an increased slide by of 800 aircrafts, and 75,000 more employees as stated by the LATIMES.Com website. La st but not least is Delta Airlines being a part of the Skyteam Alliance. Delta Airlines has an anti-trust immunity and what that mean is it shag sharing marketing, pricing and its network with other airline companies at heart the Skyteam Alliance.Delta Airlines has a variety of matched advantages at its arsenal comp ard to its competitors. Another distinct advantage for Delta Airlines is the scheduling, pricing, and departure as well as arrival times. For drill on CheapoAir.com website, a round trip to Toronto, Canada would cost $331.88 with Lan Airlines, $307 with American airlines, and Delta Airlines would cost $228.28. Like all carriers, Delta Airlines stretchs many different shoots to many different countries throughout the world, but what gives Delta Airlines another distinct advantage over competition is majority of the time when Delta Airlines is forming its schedule it volition either try to depart 15 minutes previous, or arrive at its destination 15 minutes earlier over its competitors. on that point are many significant advantages within Delta Airlines today and whatsoever that are a strong point within Delta itself are many semipermanent advantages over its competition. Delta Airlines has started to offer wi-fi service for in-flight passengers as well as on- wag obtain as well as Delta on Demand and other features in the economy class flight, for stolon class passengers it offers the same as economy class but more comfy pillows, and blankets, free cocktails, and on the more pricey care-elite class its offers flat bed seats as provided on the Delta Airlines website. Another considerable-term advantage of Delta Airlines is its worldwide itinerary organisation which Delta is codeshared with many airlines in North America such as Northwest Airlines, Continental Airlines, Alaska Airlines for flights from Seattle to Alaska, Aero-Mexico for trans-border services as well and domestic Mexico services, and Air Jamaica for service for flights i n the midst of Jamaica and the U.S. Delta Airlines codeshare partners worldwide include Air-France for flights to Paris, Europe, Middle East, and Africa, Alitalia Airlines for service to Europe via Italy, Air-Japan for service via Transpacific such as Japan, and China, Avianca airlines for Colombia domestic services and Czechoslovakian Airlines for service from Prague to Eastern Europe.Incorporating the BCG Matrix, Delta Airlines has many so-called Stars within its company for example its Worldwide Route System, Pricing, and its current fleet of over 449 different aircrafts, but there are also many other Stars within Delta Airlines such as it has partial ownership in both Orbitz and Worldspan websites when purchasing tickets online and Delta also offers a 3-5% rebate for purchasing tickets online and 2% discount for keep an eye on-in using self service kiosks.Compare to other airlines Delta airlines is outgo airlines and also, Delta gives better packages and other requirements. D elta Air Lines, Inc. is the third largest air carrier in the United States and the largest U.S. carrier percentage Europe. Its route network serves 317 destinations in 55 countries. Its domestic network operates around a hub outline at airports in Atlanta, Cincinnati, New York, and Salt Lake City. The Delta Shuttle serves business travelers flying between New York City, Boston, and Washington, D.C. (and other Continental airlines. The company has a strong network infrastructure enables it to gain access to key market as well as enhance the quality of its deli rattling services.However even though delta airlines whitethorn count to many as the dominant airline, there are many flaws within Delta Airlines itself. Some of these flaws are truly minor while some refer Delta Airlines drastically. It is safe to say that no airline is without flaws and some of these flaws include high maintenance cost. Some examples of opportunities to Delta Airlines include internal as well as external factors.The emanation fuel price could clear a direct impact in the companys margins. Though almost all carriers are expected to post negative earnings in 2009, however it is the most successful low cost carrier in the U.S. has maintained continued profitability for the last 30 years even during periods of industry downturns mainly due to its strong fuel hedging strategies. Low-cost airlines are expected to get a higher share of revenue in the future, which pull up stakes see structural changes in the industry and consolidation as a result of competitive prescertain(p)s.I think anyone will agree that wheresoever you are entertainment matters. Think about itconsider the number of movies youve seen, the countless hours of television youve watched, the thousands of songs youve downloaded and the video games youve played. (Maria. F. 2008). The world would be a seriously boring place without entertainment.Im not sure how many of you have had a chance to fly on one of our aircraft eq uipped with the Delta on Demand digital entertainment system, but if you have then you know what a huge difference it makes to have a ton of parry to watch on your own personal screen. Weve got satellite TV, movies, HBO, 2,500 MP3s and games all on bespeak (Babb, C.2007).Some internationalist flight have long been cash cows according to the BCG Matrix, but some have become burdens to be unloaded as quickly as possibly as business travelers cut back, victorious with them the high-end fares that subsidize tourist-friendly discounts.In Delta Airline industry the passenger relations in largest Asian carrier by revenue, have been battered by a drop in passenger traffic because of the global frugal crisis. Almost other airlines have played an immense feat, juggling both the legacy and low-cost carrier segment with unwavering commitment in going through the test of times during the last sevener years and especially through 2008. The year 2007 was a year of regaining profitability f or the airline industry after the uphill struggle of cutting off redundant infrastructure and going through various(a) mergers and acquisitions and recovering from the post 9/11 downturn in volume of passenger air traffic. The exponential function surge in fuel price and present volatility in financial sectors have significantly affected the aerospace industry as a whole. (Zack E). Delta Airline corp. will be able to rationalize and offer efficient services with gradual freedom to operate in open skies if governments look to deregulation as a way to promote the industry as a whole. The previous drop of 50 percent in airline share prices exponent just reach their initial levels, post all the merger and infrastructure cutbacks by early 2009.Delta airline prices of air tickets globally will have come down to initial levels by end of 2008. On a positive note, the Asia Pacific players will not face any loss for 2009 and might even be left with few cents in the pocket. The market will as yet see reasonable growth in Low Cost Carrier passenger traffic within Asia Pacific and even in the long haul segment.Delta Airlines 6Despite the worst sparing recession in our lifetime, the fundamental strength of Deltas business allowed us to deliver breakeven results this quarter, excluding fuel hedge losings and special items. These results would not be possible without the hard work of all Delta employees they are running a great airline while executing a seamless integration in the midst of this genuinely(prenominal) difficult economic environment. We remain focused on making disciplined decisions about capacity, cost and capital, achieving merger synergies and finding new sources of revenue.Delta airlines reported that a $794 million first-quarter net loss, or $0.96 per diluted share. Delta cited slower demand for travel brought on by the current recession as reason for the loss. On the cargo side of the business, cargo revenue declined 44 percent or $146 million duri ng the first quarter. Again reasons for the decrease were attributed to the current global recession, decline in fuel surcharge revenue, and decreased demand for air cargo services.Delta travelers have lately been complaining more often about frequent-flier programs, namely the lack of award seats on desirable flights, escalating fees for ostensibly free tickets and quicker expiration dates for miles. Airlines counter that they are giving away more awards than ever, despite generally fuller planes, and that most programs allow members to book any open seat on any flight, albeit in exchange for more. We at Delta and as an industry cannot continue to have customers earn a significantly greater number of miles year after year without providing customers some flexibility in ways to use those miles, Airlines are also offering more ways for members to use their miles, desire bidding for things like Broadway tickets at online auctions, trading miles for merc bridge playerise or using a co mbination of cash and Miles for air travel. (Susan S, 2008) composition most carriers have customarily been tight-lipped about how untold they earn from these programs, more details are startle to emerge. United reported revenue of $800 million last year from selling miles, while Qantas earned $218 million in the last half of 2007 from mileage sales to third parties. (Susan S, 2008)These are some very essential aspects to keep in mind when you look at the strong points in Delta Airlines as well as the weak points in Delta airlines, but then again there are many other factors that affect Delta Airlines. One example is terrors, such as competition, and the main aspect of supply and demand.Delta Airlines 7One threat Delta Airlines faces vs. US Airways on-time departure performance. US Airways has an average of 95% on time departures vs. a 93% from Delta. At arrival performances both are at the same percentage, 94%. US Airways does not exceed Deltas manpower (employees) however, t hey have stopping point to 32,151 total employees. US Airways only serves 25 countries and 196 destinations, 41 international and 155 domestic. Their fleet is the closest they get to ours (Delta), they possess 600+ aircraft. Delta surpasses US Airways daily flights by almost 5 times, they only have 3,043 daily flights. Delta has superior advantage over US Airways, Delta was established on 1924, US Airways was established 1939. Delta traces its root back to 1924, when Huff Daland Dusters was founded as the worlds first aerial crop dusting organization (Delta, 2009). We have several airline accidents, through our history. These accidents have resulted in fatal accidents. Is a threat, because whenever a customer looks at our flying history that whitethorn incline them to look for another airline. One remarkable accident happened on August second 1985, flight departed from Fort Lauderdale, Florida bound Los Angeles Intl airport, the aircraft crashed with only 27 survivors out of the 16 3 people on board (Leo Beber, 2009 ). The factor for this accident as per NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board) was microburst induced wind shear.One of the ethical threats against US Airways is airline quality and passenger satisfaction. Delta is on the number 10th place and US Airways is on eighth (Airline Quality Rankings, 2008). This means that Delta Airlines is not keeping up with the on-time performance, customer service, baggage handling and/or bumping people around due to overbooking. For this year (2009), Delta airlines only rose its customer service by 6.7 percent, while US Airways rose a 9.3 percent. That is not so good news for Delta airlines, we need to improve our customer service, may be a way of doing so would be giving our Delta representatives weekly training, in order to bear our customer service satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is vital to the administration because if customers are not well satisfied, we will lose customers and that would make a big i mpact in our economic status.A major out-of-door factor that every single airline faces today is terrorism. One of Deltas biggest threats are bomb and highjack threats. This gives Delta Airlines, a disadvantage and bad re mystifyation, Why and how it that? Well, most passengers or for the most part, the public does not know or may think that every airline has its own security. Therefore customers may think our security system is incompatible and unreliable. Truth is, no airline has its own security, airportsDelta Airlines 8Offer and provide the security system for the whole entire airport. plainly people may fail to see that or in other cases even get scared on flying with Delta Airlines just because of the terrorist threats Delta has faced throughout its history. For example the latest threat was on a flight making its final decent into LAX, Airport in Los Angeles, January 09. soulfulness was yelling out he had a bomb. Passengers actually tackled the individual immediately with out hesitation. At the end twat never really had a bomb, just to show you bomb threat or highjack threats are out of ones hand. The Port Authority of NY NJ has TSA personnel at La Guardia, JFK and Newark. TSA do screening on luggage, metal detectors for individuals, etc. checkpoints are operated by Transportation Security Administration, the checkpoints are there to make sure that terrorists cant bring anything aboard the plane that would enable them to take it over or destroy it (TSA, locomotion Assistannt-2009) Terrorist threat is a factor that no one has power on stopping it. Only thing we are able on doing is providing with the latest and sophisticated equipment to detect any hazardous threats that put the airport, aircraft and of course passengers life in jeopardy.Predatory pricing is one of the most competitive threats between airlines and other businesses. There is no specific price rate, due to seasonal flights, due to competitions. Airlines must keep their prices as clos e as possible to each others. In some cases new airlines may go out of business real quick if senior airlines decide to lower their prices just to keep the customers. When this senior airlines decide to lower their prices than average, one fact is that they losing money just essay to keep customers. seasonal flights are a very competitive battle between airlines trying to catch as many customers as possible by giving great deal at cheaper prices as possible and as profitable as well. Seasonal flights can also stress an airlines structure due to competition. The Big Six airlines United, US Airways, American, Northwest, Continental and Delta have divided the country into local fiefdoms centered around fortress hubs (Leah Platt, 2001)Advertising the airline is a very most-valuable thing all airlines must do. From personal opinion, I always see T.V. advertising commercials of Delta Airlines. This is a factor some airlines fail to realize. Delta airlines is very well known thanks to its advertising on TV, radio set and internet. Few airlines that are a threat to us just for the fact that they publicize as much as we do (Delta) are Continental, Jet Blue, American Airlines. Those are the most advertised on television. For some reason US airways doesnt advertise as much. This is a threat as well, because if an airline wants customers, it needs to put it out where the public sees it. Other airlines copying over a successful structured airline is a threat. ForDelta Airlines 9instance, if Delta decides to advertise on TV, radio, internet, newspapers, magazines, put lower prices, offer great deals and the rest of the airlines decides to do the same. That puts us in a spot where we have to improve our current structure. Every day, in newspapers across the country, airlines advertise flights at attractive and competitive prices. Every day, in newspapers across the country, airlines advertise flights at attractive and competitive prices (Public Interest Advocacy Centr e, 2003).Overall, an airline biggest threat is the rising of fuel prices. Delta as well as other airlines, add a surcharge to the base price of the route its been flown. In some cases airlines struggle to set a price on a route due to the up and down of the fuel prices. Luckily, as of now (2009) fuel is not as high as previous times. It affects the customers when fuel prices are lurch high, because an airline must raise its prices in order to keep the profits. Several airlines offer the same route and one has lower price tickets, like Southwest and Delta. Both Southwest and Delta charge $148 for L.A to Salt Lake route. But US Airways, which like Southwest, is a lower-cost airline, has less invested in the L.A. to Salt Lake route for this airline, the route is a saucer-eyed connecting flight, so it doesnt mind tacking on a $50 surcharge to its $148 base price Southwest, true to its lower-cost carrier status, doesnt have a fuel surcharge. Delta often adds a fuel surcharge, but know ing that Los Angeles to Salt Lake is a very competitive nonstop Southwest route, the legacy carrier eschews the surcharge in this instance, to stay competitive (Rick Seaney, 2008)Last but not least, no company is without its weakness. Delta Airlines has established its dominance in the aviation industry as one of the best airlines in the world today, but being the best doesnt necessarily mean Delta Airlines doesnt have its own drawbacks.This report examines Delta Air Lines Weaknesses, Inc.s key business structure and operations, history and products, and it provides compendious analysis of key revenue lines and strategy. Use this report to understand the internal and external factors that affect Delta Air Lines, Inc.s performance in achieving its business goals.After eighty years of success history , On kinsfolk 14 2005, Delta files for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Northwest Airlines files for bankruptcy on the same day.After the bankruptcy, Delta washed-out millions to rebuild morale, flying in many of its 47,000 employees for a series of events that were equal parts team-building and tent revival. And Delta positive(p) creditors to cede 15% ownership to employees. They saw the importanceDelta Airlines 10of having the pilots and employees on board to unlocking the synergies of the deal, says Delta CEO Richard H. Anderson, a board member at the time who got the top job in August 2007. It was equally important for the employees to know that we followed through on everything we promised.Delta Air Lines plunged into bankruptcy in September 2005, marking the culmination of more than adecade of management missteps made largely out of hubris. The Southeastern airline allowed itself to go throughmany of the stages of decline outlined in Jim Collins new book. Its sense of infallibility helped foster anundisciplined credit line of practically every new jumbo jet that aircraft manufacturers rolled out, forcing it to flylarge planes even on one-hour routes. Add to that a distinct denial of the increasingly grim realities of the airlinebusiness, exemplified by the errors made earlier this decade by then-Chief Executive Leo F. Mullin. He launchedthe trendy Song discount airline, which fizzled amid high costs and stiff competition from JetBlue Airways.Worse, Mullin negotiated a 2001 labor deal that paid top pilots a record-shattering $300,000 a year. worryalways had to have the biggest and the best, recalls a former exec. It was the Delta way.That strategy helped the Atlanta-based carrier rack up billions in losses, energy it into bankruptcy. Andmanagement was so slow to accept its humbling fate that one bankruptcy judge told executives I have not heardanything that I will say remotely impressed me that you have the money, the talent, or the thought that you couldsuccessfully reorganize in this case. Admits President Ed H. Bastian There were periods when Delta couldhave been just 24 hours from disappearing. If t he pilots had walked out, Im not sure we could have pulledthrough.Delta Airlines 12Deltas people issues are best exemplified by a specific person, Leo Mullin, named CEO in 1997. Ahighly-publicized executive compensation scandal marred the trust between management and the rank and file.Delta filed for bankruptcy less than 18 months after he abruptly retired.Certain actions by Delta have not endeared the company to its employees. Massive layoffs in 2004 continuedthrough 2005 and 2006 and have led to mussy court actions. Employees and pilots have picketed airports.Recently the bankruptcy court terminated their pilot defined benefit plan. Delta also had a highly-publicizedconflict with an employee develop into a court action when they fired flight accessory Ellen Simonetti (aka cigaretteof the Sky) who had become a well-known blogger.Delta has spent a lot of valuable time and resources in serve well to low-cost fare competitors in the U.S. such asJetBlue and Southwest. Like a large 1 8-wheel truck trying to follow a motorcycle around town, this has beenan awkward waste of energy. Delta Express was started in 1996. Delta Express was not successful for two reasons. First, the fares were not aslow as JetBlue or Southwest, and secondly, there was a acquaintance problem since this was a deviation from Deltasimage. Delta President Fred Reid We really found out that customers want to see something distinctive. We stillfound that people had this edge of skepticism about it that (Delta Express) was just part of Delta. . . . This is trulydifferent. Song followed in 2003. The business model was that it was cheaper to use larger planes if they were full. 757s arecheaper to operate than small planes if all the seats are filled.They upgraded the seats to leather and encouraged thestaff to be friendlier. Passengers had a better experience on Song (the low-cost carrier) than on Deltas main operation.Delta Airlines 12 Delta Shuttle was started in 1991 with the purchase of used Pan Am aircraft and continues today. The DeltaShuttles fly only between limited east-coast city pairs. Delta Connections is a current subsidiary. Flights are flown by SkyWest, based out of St. George, Utah using DeltaConnections branded Canada Regional Jets. Their website shows only airplanes in Delta Connections livery. These planes dont allow full-sized carry-on luggage anything bigger than a laptop computer needs to be checked through the regular baggage claim or checked planeside.None of these attempts at a low-fare subsidiary have been entirely successful, and have bear awayed from alternatively than contributed to Deltas overall success as an airline. Presenting these multiple faces is confusing to the flying public.These repeated attempts to enter the low-fare market detract a significant amount of focus and resources from what Delta does best. In This Bird Wont Fly, The Travel Insider blog (in 2002 and updated in May 2006) calls this a FutileAct of Self-Cannibalism, indica ting that the low-cost options have actually been competing against the main Delta service and may have made its shortcomings more apparent.The most important part of the progress and survival of an airlines customer service Is take careing to opinions and complaints from the customers, the airline can reinforce the weak spots. then reviews a inappropriate customer service ends up the image of the airline publicly.Some Complaints From Passengers Of Delta AirlinesSharlyn of Atlanta, GA July 30, 2009, I had a 4 1/2 hour flight from ATL to SFO on a 767 aircraft. I called the flight partner using the help release on the computer screen to inform her that my overhead light would not come on. The flight attendant told me she would rebut my computer so I could use the overhead light and once she did, the light still did not come on. I told her I needed to use the overhead light to read business materials, etc. for a meeting and throughout the entire flight leaving at 2115 pm (EST) to 233 0 pm (PST), I could not read over my business materials. The flight was not full, yet the flight attendant did not move me to another seat so I could read. I had eye surgery for a retina problem and had to strain my eyes in the dark, because the flight attendant refused to move me. This is very unacceptable considering that I have been a Delta Skymiles member since 1995.Lindsay of Los Angeles, CA July 20, 2009, We arrived an hour forrader our flight, checked-in using the self service kiosk, paid for an additional bag, and got in line to drop it off. The line was long and personnel continued to take those who were late and cut them in front of us. I told the stewardess that we ourselves might need to get to the front of the line and were likely later than those she was allowing to cut in front of us. She refused to listen to me and kept me in line. When we arrived at the counter the woman did not want to let us check our bag because it was less than 30min. before the flight. We aske d to speak to her supervisor. She moved as slowly as possible and it took another 10min for her to actually take our bag which she finally had to do because we had already paid. When we got to the gate the plane was still there but they would not let us on as the gate had closed. I dont understand how they could obligate us in line, and allow other people to cut in front of us because they may miss their flight, not do the same for us, and then not take responsibility when we missed our flight because of this.Usha of Finksburg, MD July 15, 2009, my husband, daughter and I went to Seoul in June 19th and schedule to return to Baltimore on June 27th, so my daughter can fly to Chicago on 28th. But when we arrived at Atlanta arougn640, the flight stood on runway for about 2 hours because of gate issues. We all missed our flight and delta do not have another flight until next morning at 900, so my daughter missed her scheduled flight to Chicago and we have to pay full fare for the after noon flight ( which was about 250. They gave us a hotel which was so crappy, it stunk.Nathan of Hof Hacarmel, CA July 10, 2009, I must congratulate Delta airlines for being the first paperless fleet Ive had the discomfort of flying with. My flight DL87 leaving Tel Aviv, July 2, 2009, had reached a bit more than the halfway point when the hand towels, tissues and TOILET PAPER () all ran out in all four toilets. I walked to the rear of the plane and informed the service crew of the problem. They were woken out of the obvious stupor Thank you sir for informing us. On of the endearing marched over the to toilette area with a hand full of paper towels, and, I assume, inserted them into the correct receptacle. The hygienic for a population of some 250 men, women and children was despicable and at best reprehensible. We have decided never again to fly Delta.Less than four years after it was left on life support, Delta is now the notion of health. Thanks to a management overhaul, a rigor ous shift towards more profitable international routes, aggres

An Introduction To Dialog Telekom Ltd Business Essay

An cornerst oneness To talks Telekom Ltd Business Essay dialog Telekom PLC (The fraternity) ope grazes Sri Lankas largest and quickest suppuration tele chat net cook Dialog GSM. Dialog Telekom is one of the largest companies listed under the Colombo cable Exchange. It is a subsidiary of the Axiata Group Berhad. imputable to Dialog the Sri Lankan alert application has achieved new heights and has come at par with the developed world.The telecom comp some(prenominal) operates 2G, 3G and 3.5G spry services, supporting the underway trends in mobile net and mul perioddia services, as well as international roaming. Dialog Telekom accounts for more than than 50% of Sri Lankan mobile phone subscribers.Along with the mobile telecommunication vocation Dialog Telekom operates a wide portfolio of international telecommunication services including retail and wholesale international voice and data services.Dialog Broadband Net working Pvt. Ltd. (DBN) is an owned subsidiary of the Com pany, and is an important player in Sri Lankas ICT infra social structure sector. DBN was also the prototypic service provider in Sri Lanka to introduce high-speed broadband net profit services based on Wi MAX technology.Dialog Television Pvt. Ltd. (Dialog TV) is some new(prenominal) subsidiary of Dialog Telekom PLC. It operates Dialog Satellite TV, a Direct-to-Home (DTH) Satellite TV service. Dialog TV supports a wide range of international and local anesthetic television channels.Regarding the structure of the company, Dialog Telekom Ltd. has got a Hybrid structure which is a combination of Matrix structure as well as standard structure. As in each Strategic Business Unit (SBU) works independently and e truly function of each SBU has communication linkages with one an an otherwise(prenominal). net down as well as bottom up communication is available and it riding habits worldwide resources and technologies.MICRO ANALYSIS THROUGH SWOT psychoanalysisStrengths1. Dialog has t he first m everywhere advantage of GSM technology in Sri Lanka.2. Due to its strong infrastructure it has got one of the surmount and far reaching mobile telecommunication c everyplaceage.3. Relationship with a telecommunication tycoon in the said(prenominal) region Telekom Malaysia Group.4. Extension in collaborations maintaining good relations with other telecommunication companies has enabled Dialog to leave a global approach with services very much(prenominal) as and Satellite Coverage high roaming.5. Dialog Telekom has got a very aggressive securities industrying system which enables it to control a good and constant Brand Equity.6. Companys financial analysis proved excellent stability in financial statements regarding investments.7. Strong Public Relationship that has been built up over the years.8. Expanded CSR initiatives increased the social lever of the firm.9. High quality expert foul innovations has made dialog market leader in Sri Lanka.10. Constant pinch in the shargon prices has get intoed the confidence of the investors leading to value increment.11. Strong dispersal network spread throughout the entire island..12. Well managed customer charge support techniques has increase the level of customer satisfaction.13. Wide variety of products.14. focus Team is efficient and hard-working.15. High level of corporate bloodline intimacy retention through low employee turnoverWeaknesses1. Though the investment on advertising and value addition through technical innovation is high, in that location is no clear aim and idea of a broader market2. despicable performance as on ISP.3. Compargond to its competitors Dialog lags behind in innovations link to pricing strategies.4. The head office in Colombo is of a distri plainlyed character due to non-expandability of the current location.5. The level of motivation of internal employees is decreasing.6. Due to the quick growing customer base the trends in fictitious character of work ar gon going down by the day.7. In the front-office employee turn-over is high.Opportunities 1. Telecom is one of the fastest growing sectors in Sri Lankas 19.5million people2. As per estimations 4.5million users would feed mobile phones by the end of 20063. The communication industry is growing rapidly.3. Fixed line perceptiveness is low.4. The approval and acceptability of the Value Added go (VAS) by the users has increased the luck and success of any new VAS initiative.5. The strategic partnership of Dialog Telekom with Vodafone UK.6. Dialog has got the potential to gain benefits of Value Chain Convergence.7. engineering advancements in particular in mobile multimedia technologies and the advent and use of the next 3G mobile communications.Threats1. The existence of all the other collar GSM Mobile service providers incur a big threat to Dialog Telekom.2. Indias Bharti Airtel Ltd. has got the clear to be the one-fifth mobile operator in Sri Lanka and launch the 2G and 3G serv ices in 2007.3. The three existing CDMA service providers also pose a variant benign of threat.4. Strongest Competitor of Dialog, the Mobile wing of fixed line telecom whale SLT is focused on address-cutting schema through its low cost pre-paid products in the market.5. Rapid changes in the semipolitical, social and economic conditions as well as the laws and regulations.6. Changes in currency exchange rates and high inflation which is in return affecting the global line of merchandise.7. Rapid change in customer preferences and their growing inescapably due to high level of customer awargonness.8. Constant changes in technology.9. Dialog had to switch off all base station in northern-province during the operate few months due to military operations by the Sri Lankan Govt. forces. hence there is an uncertainty due to the growing counter terrorist campaigns.PESTEL Analysis semipoliticalSri Lanka has very positive foreign investment policies. save though Sri Lanka identify richness of liberalization early as in 1977, due to political interventions bureaucratic attitudes inherited from colonial reign and poor governance, the country as a whole and specifically the industry has not grown as it was foreseen at the time of liberalization. During the past two decades, terrorist activities have remained constant as well.EconomicalUnstable macro-economic environment and trade polity regime has a negative impact on the industry. The fall of the exchange rate over the years happened on a gradual pace.Since the inception of liberalization policy it has undergone massive reforms in this sector. However Sri Lanka lags dynamics incorporated by India to realize foreign direct investments. The attitude towards foreign direct investments needs to be improved.Socio-CulturalSri Lanka has better social conditions for example literacy rate is high, infant mortality rate is low and life expectancy is long. The country also has an educated and trainable work force.Neve rthe slight Sri Lankans inherit a bureaucratic attitude from the colonial government that results in inefficiencies and discrimination.TechnologicalSri Lanka depends on technology transfers from foreign direct investments. However TRCSL encourages local research and development.The country comparatively has not performed well decent to adapt technological changes on a timely manner. For example the charge from analogue to digital and the adoption of CDMA technology materialized in a in arrears pace.Ecological LegalTRCSL the regulatory body wreaks up multidimensional roles. It ensures somewhat enforcement of Govt. policy, hold operators accountable for performance, address consumer issues, monitor changing industry needs and provide feedback to the policy making units.However TRCSL has been criticized over the years for schooling asymmetry, inefficiency and discrimination.Porters Five Forces 1. Threat of New Entrantsa. Indias Bharti AIRTEL has got the fifth mobile operator li cense in Sri Lankab. As per TRCSL, no more licenses would be awardedc. Thus it piddles an intro barrier for all others to the market2. Bargaining precedent of Customersa. Consumer protection groups argon almost non-existingb. As compargond to the west, consumers ar not that strong in their demandsc. Quality standards and supports are comparatively not major concern if they exist at a basic leveld. Low switching costse. Customers are highly cost conscious3. Threat from Substitutesa. Almost negligibleb. Alternatives are fixed line and the more recent CDMA connectivityc. This is a much littler market as compared to the huge total market4. Bargaining Power of Suppliersa. Local and multinational suppliers for Dialogb. Depends on SLT, MTT and a few other VSAT operators to access the national backbonec. Thus these particular suppliers are passing powerfuld. Acquisition of MTT and the creation of the new subsidiary known as Dialog Broadband Network5. Rivalry Among Competing Firmsa. V ery high disceptation with constant pricing warsb. Dialog certainly has an edge because of their Value Added operate and differentiation strategy and the huge customer basec. Value Added Services are becoming very hot among the consumersStrategic Groups Adopted by the CompanyDialog strategies are visible in the companys corporate, line of merchandise and practicable levels. They have already diversified their business across many areas during the last few years. For instance, by acquiring MTT, Dialog managed to strengthen its transmission backbone. in addition recent past it has acquired CBNSAT, a satellite TV transmission company, and DERANA TV Channel with a long term physical object of a value string convergence. In addition to reach the customer, Dialog has created many alliances with other business corporations. Cargills-Dialog alliance to allow Cargills customers to settle Dialog bills is just one such example.The business plan is formulated at the beginning of the yea r considering main objectives of the company. The progress of each project is monitored in a periodic basis through different strategic committee meetings.On the other hand, Dialog tries to introduce latest technologies into the market considering global mega trends through its plenary Research and Development wing.ServicesYear of ImplementationRemarks01Introduction of GSM Technology19951stin southeasterly Asia02Short Messaging Service (SMS)19981stin South Asia03Automatic International Roaming (AIR)19971stin South Asia04WAP (Mobile Internet)20001stin South Asia05General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)20011stin South Asia06Location Based Services (LBS)20031stin Sri Lanka07Missed Call Alert20031stin Sri Lanka08 multimedia system Messaging Service (MMS)20031stin South Asia09Trial 3G Service20041stin South Asia10Call Home Service for Outbound Roamers20041stin Sri Lanka11EDGE Service20041stin Sri LankaAmong them, the Dialogs initiative to setup the Dialog Research Lab at the University of Moratuwa is of importance because it in effect enabled Dialog to provide tailor made solutions to the local market. Nokia phones with Sinhala language support and Tsunami warning system for mobiles are just to place a few such examples. These technology initiatives force out be considered as a strategy used to capture the market by effectively staying ahead from the competition in the technology and innovation sphere.StructureThe Companys business and operations are managed under the supervision of the Board of Directors comprising of 5 non-executive directors and 1 executive director. The Board has the power to appoint executive directors including the CEO. Divisional structure do-nothing be identified in company level but performances of the divisions are measured through different strategic committees.SystemsApart from the technical backbone, Dialog uses several systems to execute their business strategies successfully. For example-SAP ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) This was launched in 2006 January to integrate identified key process in the company.CCBS (Customer Care guardianship System) Currently existing billing system is going to be migrated into a new system to provide more customer centric services.HRIS utilise for Human Resource Management and all the day to day functions are carried out through this system.StyleThe management style always depends on targets and objectives. Strict deadlines are imposed while performance and progress are very closely monitored at all levels of the organizational structure. Rewards and benefit schemes are in line for the top performers and better achievements.All the employees go forth have a number of recreational opportunities such as trips, get-together, sports etc. to take some time off from busy work schedules.StaffThe Company currently employs a workforce of 2500 who in turn are considered crucial to the organizations growth and success. Annual manpower planning and recruitment is carried out in p arallel with the business plan preparation. The capabilities required by potential employees are based on the requirements of the business plans applicable to respective departments of the company in any given year. Recruitment to the Company is governed by several policies. The mettle policy on filling vacancies spells out the Companys intention to attract the best with the aim of exploiting the individuals potential while providing career development opportunities irrespective of communal or gender differences. 7% of the total HR cost is devote to training and development. The training needs for individuals and aggroups are identified from the competency requirements arising from the Companys business plan and employees annual performance review.Subordinate GoalsAll individuals with different backgrounds, different ethnics and nations are aggrouped up and driven towards a common set of goals and objectives at Dialog Telekom. The company has been successful in focusing the enti re team towards a single vision by incorporating all individuals goals and personal objective together.SkillsDialog team consists of number of individuals with distinctive capabilities and competencies from top to bottom. Dialog is purple to have a very energetic and endowmented CEO in the caliber of Dr. Hans Wijesuriya. In addition to that Dialog is served by a team of top class individual in the Sri Lankan industry with lot of talent and exposures.Different Strategies Adopted by Dialog TelekomCorporate outlineConsidering the current performance, the key success movers and the SWOT analysis the directional strategy utility(a)s would be the pass offing Growth strategy to expand the activities of Dialog Telekom further would be the first substitute. Since the current product lines have real growth potencial soaking up of resources on those would be ideal. In concentration Dialog Telekom can follow the vertical growth strategy to take the benefit of the value bowed stringed i nstrument convergence opportunity that is existing in Sri Lankan context.Stability strategy to traverse with current activities without any changes to the direction would be the second alternative. Here Dialog Telekom can utilize pause/proceed with caution strategy to have yet incremental improvements while the weaknesses stated are catch up with. It can use this time to stabilize the organization due to the changes took place due to sixfold strategies it adopted earlier such as acquisitions and investing on sophisticated developments, which will help to get back the loosing internal employee motivation.The first alternative will move Dialog Telekom further away from the competition and create a monopoly temporarily for converged industries of telecommunication, content, media and retail. However unfocused highspeed growth to capture the market without stabilizing the existing acquisitions can disassemble everything. The second alternative will give Dialog Telekom and its employ ees much needed breathing space.The recommendation would be to implement the second alternative initially to stabilize the organization without any other drastic change in the direction. And after some time they can adopt their long term beneficial value chain convergence option depicted in first alternative.Business StrategyThe business strategy alternatives available for Dialog Telekom to improve the competitive mystify in the industries it operates would be The first alternative for the competitive strategy would be to improve on the current strategy of differentiation. It can improve this by having unique Value Added Services for each of its current strategic business units DBN, CBNSAT and Dialog Telekom itself. This can improve the customer loyalty and thereby can charge a reasonable premium rate than competitors.Second alternative which Dialog Telekom can try to implement is cost leadership to overcome the threat of lower rates provided by competitors, Mobitel. Since the VAS are less in Mobitel the switching from Dialog to Mobitel is not much in urban people who use these VASes. But people who are using purely as a voice/sms only are shifting as most of them are cost conscious and there is not much of a difference in coverage. Hence if Mobitel improves on its VASes it would become a serious threat at a stage at which only the rates would decide the attraction of that segment of the market.Typically the differentiation strategy is more likely to generate higher(prenominal) profits than low cost strategy. However differentiation strategy implementation may involve higher investment than low cost strategy.Competitive scope is an important factor when considering competitive strategies. The recommended alternative depends on the competitive scope in this situation. Considering two alternatives and the pros and cons of each most ideal would be to have culmination of some(prenominal) differing from the segment of the market. Dialog Telekom should have a fo cused differentiation strategy in the market where people are valuing the VASes and cost focus in the market where usage is purely for voice/SMS.Simultaneously Dialog Telekom should get word at strategic alliances as a corporate strategy to gain competitive advantage by working with other organizations. Currently they have stated this with some banks and some supermarket chains as mentioned earlier. However this can be vastly improved to include alliances with insurance companies, stock brokers, popular food chains etc.

Graphene: Development and Applications

Graphene Development and ApplicationsNumber of blow hints jammed in a flavorless (2D) grid cells as flat bingle layer give the graphene. This is a key somaing block for graphitic visibles of tout ensemble sizes. It give the gate be enclosed in fullerenes (0D), rolled into 1D nanotubes or lade into three dimensional graphite.A serious step forward in the assume of graphene was when Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov from Manchester extracted Singlet thick cryst eitherites (graphene) from crude graphite in 2004.The unparalleled electronic properties of graphene produce an unexpectedly lavishly opacity for unrivaled atomic monolayer, with amazingly simple value it absorbs 2.3 % of white light . This is a matter of the unusually low energy electronic structure of monolayer graphene saws which electrons and holes tapered rescript which meet each other at the point Dirac which is qualitatively diametric from the to a greater extent common solid squ atomic number 18 zones. In 2008 carried out the starting time experiment proves that graphene is the strongest material that exists in nature. The measurements showed that graphene has a tensile strength of light speed times greater than steel.Graphene is variant from most conventional 3D materials. The open firecel Graphene presents a semimetal or zero-gap semiconductor.Been a long time since we talked through the Medgreece in graphene and its unique properties. Graphene is a material which was discovered relatively recently, and its primary(prenominal) flip got is that it is a graphite sheet consisting of a lattice of carbon atoms associate together as sh avow in the photo of the article ( we could characterize as a wire ) which has a heaviness of a single atom . So far it has been described as the ideal replacement for atomic number 14 , and has a very low resistance and higher conductivity which can lead to the creation of faster chips for computers . And all at room temperature . Where else co uld save be used graphene ?From the University of California , and Alexander Balandin (Chair of Materials Science and Engineering), investigated the possibility of use graphene sheets as heat conductors .The researchers call these cards allayers ( like a quilt ) and that is because the graphene sheets be not homogeneous provided consist of flakes graphene , which overlap creating a spreadsheet. Only unlike the quilt ( we all know ) the quilt of graphene flakes pass on not retain heat, but impart remove it .The graphene sheets can be used to extract heat from parts of a circuit which, receivable to the high speed flow of electrons ( current) grouchyly heated , which leads to impaired blend of the circuit. Helping the diffusion of that heat , graphene will help create sdti a great deal faster chip .Graphene based on measurements made by the researchers shows unusually high thermal conductivity that surpasses even that of diamond and carbon nanotubes.The properties o f graphene , (electrical conductivity , low resistance , high thermal conductivity ) find no scope only chip electronic circuits. As we mentioned previously this engineering science could even be used to improve the photovoltaic , since one of the main problems (in terms of per plaster bandageance ) is the high resistance of the conductor carrying the current. Graphene thanks to its properties , could essentially increase their performanceChapter 1 Carbon Nanostructures1.1 A new build of materialsThe monotonous (2D) crystalline materials have only recently been identified and investigated. 1 The runner material that falls into this category, is graphene, a singlet carbon layer. This new material has unique properties that prove it extremely interesting both as underlying fellowship, as well as for future applications. The electronic properties of graphene, for example, have resulted in an unusual quantum Hall 2, 3. It is a transp atomic number 18nt conductor 4 with a thickne ss equal to the extent of zp orbital of an atom of carbon (0,344 nm). It in any case has parallels with the physics of elementary particles which for example displays an unusual tunneling 5, 6, which was predicted by the Swedish Natural Oscar Klein 7. Additionally, graphene exhibits magnificent mechanical and electrical properties. Its mechanical strength is greater than steel season it can be bent. The thermal and electrical conductivity is very high and can be used as a flexible conduit. The Andre K. Geim and Kostantin S. Novoselov from the University of Manchester, were awarded the 2010 Nobel pillaging for the production, isolation and identification of graphene 1.1.2 Forms of carbonCarbon is perhaps the most kindle element of the periodic table. It is the basis of DNA and intent on earth. O coal occurs in different forms. The most common form of carbon, graphite, which consists of full-bo manyd sheet changes hexagonal structure. At high pressures, the diamond is created, which is a metastable form of carbon.A relatively new form of molecular carbon, are the Fullerenes (Fullerenes) 8. The most ordinary fullerene consists of 60 carbon atoms (60 C) and has the shape of a football. It is consisting of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons which enable the surface to form a ball. The discovery of fullerenes was awarded the Nobel repute in Chemistry in 1996. The existence of a pseudo-one-dimensional form of carbon, carbon nanotubes, has been cognize for many decades and the existence of single-wall carbon nanotubes in 1993 9. The nanotubes are make by winding of a graphene sheet so as to make headway a cylindrical shape with hemispherical ends with a configuration homogeneous to that of the fullerene. The electronic and mechanical properties of metallic nanotubes, show many similarities with those of graphene.It was already kn receive that the toner is composed of hexagonal carbon levels which are stacked on upper side of one another but scientists believed that such a singlet carbonate sheet could not be produced. In 2004, however, scientists A. Geim, K. Novoselov and colleagues 1 showed that such an psyche could be isolated and was stable. The singlet this level carbon called graphene.Figure 1.1. The graphene sheets form the primal structure of the graphite, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes 11. It should be noted that structures similar to graphene has been known since the mid-sixties 10 but there were experi intellectual difficulties in isolating them and raises doubts about whether this would be possible. The amazing thing is that a simple pencil contains graphite and as it moves the paper, toner levels separated in a very small part of which contains some of singlet layers of graphite, ie graphene. The difficulty is not the production of graphene structures but quite to isolate large quantities of singlet levels for the identification, characterization and study its properties. This just managed to make the Geim and Novoselov.1 .3 GrapheneGraphene is called a singlet level of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, with nearest neighbor distance of atoms 0.142 nm. It is the first truly two-dimensional crystalline material and is representative of a unhurt class of two-dimensional materials which includes for examplePsycho neighborly Critical military rank Case Study of RoryPsycho amicable Critical Evaluation Case Study of RoryPsycho affable Critical Evaluation Case Study of Rory macrocosmPsycho neighborly theory originates from psychoanalytic and psychodynamic case score, which has had a pro ground and lasting impact on loving acetify (Kenny and Kenny, 2000). This assignment will use the case study of Rory, a fifteen course old boy living in a family home with his fellow, mother and stepmother. Throughout the assignment Rorys kind environment and his relationships inwardly this environment will be analysed in give to understand how these factors have shaped his development. Following on fro m this an evaluation of convention determine as an handling method to support and empower Rory shall be searchd. Group run short will be taken as secernate for practice, where tender make believe practice is carried out in assorts (Doel, 2000, p.148). Psycho neighborly theories will be explored into how they influence group cook and group dynamics, and the way group puddle can be used to change and adjust dysfunctional kindly environments. In doing so, the model of psycho affable theory and its relevance to social work will be explored, and how useful it is in understanding customers and promoting their best interests. In order to critique the model of psychosocial theory, and explore how it influences our perception of the human condition, we must have a clear idea of what we mean by the term. Modern social work theorists have stressed the importance of applying the correct competency to the individual soul, with regard to their social environment (Hutchinson, 2008) . It sees people as products of the interaction among their biogenetic endowment, the effects of significant relationships, the impact of life experiences, and their participation in societal, heathen and current events (Turner, 1978, p.2). The social work profession, can see the individual person as interdependent with their environment, which they are able to influence and change (Kondrat, 2002). By seeing individuals as being uniquely shaped by their environment, it helps social workers avoid the issues of social identity theory. Rather than categorising or stereotyping people, social workers are able to empathise and see all service users as individuals (Tajfel and Turner, 1979, cited in Gaine, 2010). The main ideas of psychosocial theory are reflected in other social work theories and methods, such as bodys and make upment theory. Both theories developed from the imply to build upon the traditional psychoanalytic model of individual therapy (Walker, 2012), and the idea that individual experiences with families were continually being shaped and influenced by the evolving interaction patterns of communion. For group work to be beneficial there must be a mindfulness of the social context or sociology of the individual and group. Understanding individuals who compromise the group requires knowledge of psychosocial functioning and development through the life cycle but as well as the impact of the groups structure and process on the members behaviour. A group cannot be understood without knowledge of members in their individual social context (Northern and Kurland, 2001, p.35). This promotes and encourages variation indoors the group, as practitioners are mindful of differences within the group, and how they can be citationed to promote social skills such as empathy and respect. If a lymph glands environment and social context has been dysfunctional, as in Rorys case, the group work can provide a model of a goodly culture through the group set, colloquy patterns, and the way it addresses interpersonal conflict (Northern and Kurland, 2001).Having explored the connection between group work and psychosocial theory, two theories of social work shall be applied and explored next. Attachment theory focuses on the quality of the fasteners in the significant relationships in a clients erstwhile(prenominal) (Bowlby, 1979, 1988). Bowlbys theory of bail stresses the importance of former(prenominal) relationships by determining which will develop emotionally and socially, and form relationships in the future. Bowlby was in particular concerned with the interactions and attachments that individuals had with their parents or carers. The superpower of a infant to attach to a parent or carer, the level of consistency of the parent or carer to meet the emotional needs of a child and the ability of the child to feel safe and secure, predicted how the child would develop emotionally. This theory has particular relevance and importance for this case study. The relationship between Rory and his mother can be recognised as a disorganised attachment. His mothers bi-polar bother message her behaviour is in consistent at times, ascribable to her having stable periods but when her mood is very bleak she neglects the needs of Rory and his brother. From this behaviour Rory receives mixed messages, release him feeling anxious and unable to explain and possibly understand his own feelings (Bowlby, 1988). His father appears to display as insecure or ambivalent attachment, this is due to him demonstrating an inconsistency in his attitude to Rory, neglecting contact for several weeks at a time. His unpredictable behaviour and failure to display attention in a consistent way leads to anxiety and distress for Rory.Attachment theory is stabilizing to social workers in planning intervention, as they have insight into how noncurrent experiences of the service user can impact on their behaviour, and their ability to form rela tionships. For example, at the Youth Club Rory is seen as increasingly withdrawn and preposterous by the youth workers. This may be due to his disorganised attachments impacting upon his ability to behave in social situations. Preston-Shoot and Agass (1990) explains that the development and quality of relationships can be influenced by considering the impact of the clients feelings on behaviours. Group work can be a powerful tool when based on attachment theory issues. Egeland and Erikson (1993) and Eriskon et al., (1992) described a group in which young, wild mothers were brought together for weekly group sessions from the time their children were born until they were one year old. Group work was effective here for two modestnesss. Firstly, through the remedial relationship itself, or the relationship with the group facilitator, in which the facilitator maintains a sinewy, accessary alliance with the parent, proving such relationships are possible (Erikson et al., 1992, p.5 01). When using any intervention, it is important to create a working alliance, in which the patient has confidence that the practitioner can help (Holmes, 2001). Due to Rory having all his immediate adult relationships in his life being inconsistent and causing him anxiety, having another which proves to be consistent in his life, one that is dependable, may improve his self-esteem and address problems he is exhibiting in social situations, such as at the Youth Club. The reason he may be attending the Youth Club could be due to him searching for that consistency and dependable person he needs, as the Youth Club is a weekly activity which is always there. The healthful relationship gives Rory a secure base (Holmes, 2001, p.17) where the task can repugn assumptions and relationship patterns.Group work would overly introduce Rory to a embarrassment of perspectives and individuals. Through this, Rory may become conscious of thoughts and attitudes that were previously unconscious (H olmes, 2001). In listening to and working with others Rory may build up his self-esteem. As he begins to form relationships with members of the group, he has models of healthy and functional relationships that are different from his own attachments with family members. This could increase his confidence, addressing problems of withdrawn and erratic behaviour that have been raised by Youth Workers at Youth Club. A number of studies have shown group work can improve social skills (Reid and Hammond, 2001 Fargan and Jones, 2002). Group work also promotes diverseness as those it helps do not feel isolated or alienated by their problems through sharing experiences in a reverent and tolerant environment they gain insight into the sufferings and challenges of others, and methods to overcome this. Groupwork as a form of learning extends beyond this, as groups offer members feedback that is often more effective coming from peers than from a social worker (Northern and Kurland, 2001). When d one sensitively and constructively, such feedback helps clients such as Rory with their social skills and their ability to build relationships outside of the group.A weakness of this theory, however, may that does it is not sufficiently encompassing of all the social forces that act on the individual. Psychosocial theory holds that we should acknowledge the role in human development of temperament, racism, poverty, social class, and other environmental conditions (criticism outlined in Coady and Lehman, 2007). Group dynamics and interactions cannot be understood through individuals relationships with their parents alone. Psychosocial theory assists social workers in understanding and analysing the situations and behaviours of their client. This provides practitioners with insight into what has occurred in the past or what may occur in the future. However, some argue that attachment theory does not paint a picture of the client whole by attributing all of Rorys behaviours and concern s to his parents, the practitioner may neglect the wider social context that is acting on him.Systems theory may offer a more encompassing picture of Rorys social context. This theory holds that individuals and their environments are separate systems that are interconnected and interdependent (Teater, 2010). By persuasion of families as living systems, systems theories are able to think about how dynamics are constantly altering as each family member deals with life interior and outside the family. Rorys withdrawn behaviour, and self-destructive thoughts can be attributed to the frequence with which his family dynamics change. This change is at times dramatic for example the dislocation of his parents relationship, or his sister leaving the family home- but also in the inconsistencies due to his stepfathers temper and mothers mental illness. Systems theory also promotes tolerance and diversity, as it recognises that there is no one model for a healthy, functioning family (Walker , 2012). A change or figurehead in one of these systems results in change or movement in the others. In Rorys case, social systems theory is useful as it allows social workers to identify which system requires an intervention (Teater, 2010). The key question is does this structure work for this family and does it allow for the healthy development and maturation of family members? As such, the Munro spread over confirms that a systems perspective offers the most holistic tool for undertaking certified assessment work that takes into full account the wide environmental factors feature with the inter-personal relationship patterns that influence family experiences (cited in Walker, 2012). Furthermore, a familys structure and disposal allows social workers to determine, to some extent what is possible within a particular family. Thinking of families systematically also ensures no family member is marginalised (Walker, 2012). One-to-one intervention with Rory will have an impact on the whole family system his mother, brother and stepfather will be affected, and also the family dynamic as a whole.As such, group work is an effective method of intervention according to social systems theory. This is because it avoids the risk that the familys problems and their solutions are individualised. By placing Rory in a different group dynamic, one that has been constructed by a facilitator or practitioner, social workers may be able to assess which elements of the familys structure need intervention, and where Rory and the family need extra support. By assessing Rorys patterns of communication and interaction outside his family dynamic, practitioners may gain greater insight into his specific needs and methods that can be used to support and empower him.Groupwork for families links closely to the family therapy movement (pioneered by figures such as Murray Bowen, Jay Haley, and Virginia Satir). The family therapy movement advocates general features as a means by which to assess the way groups of relatives organise themselves over time, creating stable patterns, that are inclined to return to familiar states. As such, one of the beliefs is that systems tend to be self-correcting, based on positive or negative feedback (Coady and Lehmen, 2007). By using groupwork intervention with Rory, he may feel empowered and supported to address and correct the patterns and familiar states of his family, rather than simply removing himself from situations. Furthermore, the counsellor or practitioner can address the dysfunctional and destructive subsystems that exist within Rorys family.A concern surrounding this theory of social work, however, is the emphasis social systems theory places on suitation. The purpose of the group work intervention is to explore how systems can be adjusted and change to create a healthy and supportive structure. As such, some fear that practitioners are encouraging clients to resign to oppressive circumstances (Coady and Lehmen, 2 007). From this perspective, Rory may be being taught to accept and adapt to the hostile and threatening behaviour of his stepfather, or the neglect he sometimes faces from his mother. This can be addressed by being mindful of social works traditional concern with social justice- an integration of values such as social justice and social systems based thinking is possible. To do this, practitioners must be self-reflective and question their own values and assumptions, particularly in terms of prejudice and diversity, in order to ensure that the clients best interests are at the heart of group work intervention.An awareness of social circumstance is also important in tackling diversity with regard to mental health. Parental mental health, and the disruption to parenting capacity has been found to have profound and persistent implications for children and their parents (Smith, 2004). As such, it has been advocated that social workers have alter access to training that assists with ps ychosocial interventions, such as group work (National bring in for Mental Health in England, 2005). This helps us to understand the quality of attachment between Rory and his mother. Rory himself is displaying behaviours that may point to mental health, particularly disclosing suicidal thoughts. look into shows that social work plays a significant role of social work in promoting the involvement of people using services and developing systemic approaches to practice with families (Gilbert, 2007). Diversity is important here- social workers must address societal stigmas regarding mental health. Effective intervention can also promote diversity by helping those with mental health to function and become complex in society. A psychosocial approach helps us to understand Rorys patterns of communication and behaviour, as it gives us insight into the formative relationships, experiences and environments that have categorised his life thus far. This puts troubling behaviours, such as se lf-destructive and suicidal thoughts, within a social context that can be used as the basis for assessment and intervention. Our chosen intervention method, group work, is also reveal about how Rory can be supported and empowered. By modelling healthy and secure relationships, and developing Rorys social skills, Rorys future relationships do not have to be influenced solely by dysfunctional attachments with his parents and stepfather. By understanding his family as a system, and observing Rory but within that system and in other groups, insight is gained into how Rorys social context can be adapted in order to promote the healthy growth of all its members.

Two Views Of Imperialism In The Twentieth Century History Essay

Two Views Of Imperialism In The twentieth Century History EssayThere were cardinal countries that had a macrocosm link to imperialism. One was the republic of India in 1907 and the other was the country of Uganda in 1923. These two countries had two separate responses to European imperialism. These two responses were written by two authors which had vastly opposite viewpoints on how imperialism was perceived through with(predicate)out cosmos history. These two viewpoints would afterward change the way society viewed imperialism.Bal Gangadhar Tilak, born in 1856 and died in 1920 was an Indian patriot leader. He was educated in India and in London and admitted to the English bar in 1889. He served rightfulness unsuccessfully in India for two years. He was a journalist who utilized the newspapers to set forth his nationalist creative thinkerls. Bal Tilak was one of the intimately popular leaders of the archaeanish nationalist movement. He demanded self conventionalism an d was known as a man of action. The British feared him and described him as one of the closely dangerous pioneers of disaffection and truly the father of Indian unrest. Bal Tilak used the legal opinion formation of the gurus M K Gandhi and Veer Savarkar.Lord Lugard was the one of the most important British colonial officials and a high commissioner for northern Nigeria. He later became the governor-general of Nigeria. In 1914, Lord Frederick Lugard, the governor of Britains territories in Nigeria, united the states in northern and southern Nigeria into a angiotensin converting enzyme colony. He worked in the policy-making science of these two colonies and eventually scoreed the country of Nigeria. It was his work in these territories which conduct him to develop his theory of corroborative rule. This fashion of rule, which emphasized working through domestic leaders and utilizing native social structures, became the official policy of British imperialism throughout the em pire during the 1920s.There were also several similarities between the two authors and the country which they supported. One was that they both dealt with imperialism. The idea of imperialism is to rule over a people or a place through colonization, military power, frugal or semi governmental power. It also is defined as the creation and living of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial dealingship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire based on domination and subordination. The word imperialism comes from the term empire. Imperialism refers to the practice of domination of one country by a nonher in sight to flourish territory, power and influence. It usually carries with it the idea of cultural superiority on the part of the imperialist, judging the way of life, traditions and beliefs of those colonized as inferior and deserving of replacementAnother similarity between the two catalogues is that both of these documents implicated nationalism. Na tionalism was the common link between the two documents and their associated country, since both Lugard and Tilak figure a Nationalist society. They wanted Nationalism because it is a belief that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common personal identity for a group of humans. According to the theory of nationalism, it is the preservation of identity features and the independence of all people from the country are a common primitive value.Naturally, where there are similarities there are also differences. These are almost of the points in which the viewpoints of Lord Lugard are different than that of Bal Tilak. One difference is that the document written by Bal Tilak about India concerns the Indian National Congress. This was an Indian political party founded in 1885 and created by a group of English-speaking urban intellectuals. Its founding members proposed economic reforms and wanted a larger role in the making of British policy for India. was founded in order that educated Indians efficacy gain something of a voice in the governance of their own country. By 1907, however, the Congress had split into a moderate group which sought soil status for India, and a radical militant group led by Bal Tilak which proposed a system of self-rule. The Indian National Congress would be unspoilt for India once Britain rule was replaced by indirect rule.Another difference is the idea of indirect rule. The system of indirect rule, which Lord Lugard supported meant that it was the understanding of the British colonial method to rule through and by the natives. Although, they also had to choose to a higher authority, which in this case was Britain. He advocated that an indirect rule system had three major institutions. One was the native authority make up of the local ruler, the colonial official, and the administrative staff. The next was the native exchequer which collected revenues to pay for the local administrative staff and services. The last was the native courts which supposedly applied native laws and customs. the supposedly traditional legal system of the colonized that was used by the courts to adjudicate cases. People in Africa antecedently had diverse types of government ranging from highly centralized states to stateless societies. As a result, indirect rule increased divisions between ethnic groups and gave power to legitimate men of higher authority that never had it before.This system operated with the association of already established political leaderships and institutions. The theory and practice of indirect rule is ordinarily associated with the emirates of northern Nigeria. The emirates had an established and functional administrative system and Lord Lugard exactly adapted it to his own way of thinking. This was cheap and convenient. The attempts to portray the use of indirect rule as an expression of British administrative genius did not work. It was a realistic and frugal alternative based partly on us ing existing functional institutions. This choice was also partially merged upon Britains unwillingness to provide the resources required to manage its vast empire. Ins tead, it developed the dour view that the colonized should pay for their own colonial control. Therefore, Britain gave the colonized the choice of indirect rule. In this disperse society, the system of indirect rule did not work very well because there was no single ruler. The British colonizers who were unfamiliar with these new and unique political systems insisted that African natives should have chiefs. imperialist ambitions in Africa were boosted by the expansion of competitive trade in Europe. The principal(prenominal) aim was to secure commercial and trade links with African colonies and entertain those links from other European competitors. Europe established trade relations with certain African colonies and promoted trade with these countries. European traders were at first not interested in expanding in to the interior of Africa. As long as African rulers assured them of a deliver of slaves from the interior, they felt no need to expand into the interior. The rapid expansion of industries made European countries look to Africa for a supply of cheap raw materials and slave labor.These two different responses to British imperialism whitethorn tell the proofreader more information about the colonizer. A colonizer is the people or persons that establishes a colony in another country or place. Africans resisted colonial rule from the outset but were not square enough to defend themselves against European conquest. As a result, most of Africa was colonized. and Ethiopia and Liberia remained free. Colonization was resisted as the local people tried to hold on to their land and freedom. In most cases this was unsuccessfull. The responses may also tell the reader more about the colonized people. To be colonized means to transmigrate to and settle in order to establish a colony or terri tory under the immediate political control of a state.Bal Tilak utter powerful and accurately of India and summarized the feelings of the new and increasingly militant national movement. He said that the British rulers ruined trade, caused the collapse of industry, and destroyed the peoples courage and abilities. infra the colonial regimen, Tilak asserted that the country was offered neither education, rights, or respect for public opinion. Without prosperity and contentment, the Indian people suffered constantly from poverty and famine and the decimation of health. Tilak aphorism only one remedy which was for the Indian people to take political power. If the people did not have this then the Indian industry could not develop and the youth could not be educated. Therefore the country could not win social reforms or material welfare for the people.Tilak saw colonial rule as being unfavor fitting to Indias progress, and the contradictions between the British oppressors and the Ind ian people as being irreconcilable.Later societies within certain countries were able to understand the European imperial system by learning from ancient mistakes. In the late nineteenth century India was an agricultural society. Jute, raw cotton, tea and coffee were exported to Britain. Textiles and other manufactured products were imported from Britain to India. The Indian textile industry could not compete with cheap, mass produced British goods. However in the early 20th century Indian industries began to develop. It was still mostly a gardening and agricultural country but this was beginning to change. At the same duration Britain was in decline. In the mid-19th century Britain was the most powerful country in the world but by the end of the century other powers such as Germany and the USA had caught up. Britain was weakened by the first world struggle and continued to decline in the 1920s and 1930s. As Britain declined Indian nationalist feelings grew stronger.Indirect ru le worked well in areas which had long standing centralized state systems such as chiefdoms, kingdoms, and empires along with their respective administrative and discriminatory systems of government. This meant that the African leaders could exercise authority at the mercy of European colonial officials. Thus the political and social restaints that tied them to their people in the old system had been broken. Some clever African leaders maneuvered and rule as best they could. Others used the new colonial setting to live tyrants and oppressors, even though they were eventually responsible to the British officials.Imperialism takes the form of political control and creating economic dependence. In Europe, the period where imperialism coincided with growing nationalism and pairing when previously divided political units were united under a single monarchy. An alliance allowed for empire building because people were gathered under a monarchy that claimed the right to rule them. Examp les are German and Italian unification. Towards the end of the 19th century, imperialism became a policy of colonial expansion pursued by different European powers.The way that these two authors from separate countries defined imperialism was one of the ship canal that imperialism was assisted in the way it extended and became more prevalent globally after 1920. These are the ways in which these two documents have helped later societies to understand the European imperial system and the successive independence movements of the early twentieth century.SourcesIndian National Congress Infoplease.com http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0825112.htmlixzz1KeEizdAIFrederick D. Lugard. The Rise of Our atomic number 99 African Empire, 2 vols. Edinburgh and London William Blackwood and Sons, 1381-82.Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Bal Gangadhar Tilak His Writings and Speeches. Madras Ganesh and Co., 1923, pp. 56-65

Microsoft Visual Basic Programming Language Computer Science Essay

Microsoft Visual Basic Programming expression Computer Science EssayMicrosoft Visual Basic is a excogitateing speech is which is easier and simpler to use than other computer programming languages for example Java, Programming in C, programming in C++. Visual basic is an ideal language for developing Windows-based, Database and Internet applications. Windows-based applications are event driven and they need well-behaved graphical user interface (GUI) support. Internet applications require web rogue programming support. Visual Basic provides a scripting language called VBScript to help you pull wires and make your web pages interactive. Visual Basic can also be used to access database scored using database management software (DBMS) such as Access 2000, SQL Server 7.5 and FoxPro. Visual Basic also supports both handwritinged-down procedure-oriented programming and the newer object-oriented programming (OOP).Visual Basic is one of the members of a conclave of software call ed Visual studio. The other members of this group are Visual Studio Tools, Visual C++, Visual J++, Visual FoxPro and Visual InterDev. on that point are four versions of Visual BasicWorking Model, Learning Edition, professed(prenominal) Edition and Enterprise Edition.The Visual Basic environment is where users can create and test their cats. The Visual Basic environment consists of several windows such asThe Title bar- displays the projects name(Project1). The scorn project name is Project1. Subsequent projects are named Project2, Project3, and so on Besides the project name, the title bar also contains several icons. The spillages on to the right are the standard windows buttons that can use to minimize, restore or close the window.Menu Bar- has the usual menu items such as File, Edit, View, Project, actuate and Tools.Tool Bar- contains several icons, each of which wagers a reign over. These icons provide a cutoff to the most frequently used commands.Toolbox- Located at th e left hand side of the of the main window, contains a set of icons, each of which represent dictation object or just control.Form window- The window at the focus of the main screen is the Form window. This is where the user can design their application. When the user begins a project, Visual Basic gives a new form with the default form named Form1.These are the few items and tool featured in a Visual Basic environment.Question 1Write a program to produce the future(a) output chief(prenominal) MenuFor Loop go LoopSelect your Choice 1 utilize For Loop to pompousness the pattern122333Do you want to dwell(Y/N)? YMain MenuFor LoopWhile LoopSelect your Choice 2Using epoch Loop to let out the pattern122333Do you want to continue(Y/N)? NPress any key to continue output signal For Question 1Module Module1Sub Main() dusky i, j As Int32DoDim a As IntegerConsole.WriteLine(Main Menu)Console.WriteLine(1-For Loop)Console.WriteLine(2-While Loop)Console.WriteLine(Select Your Choice)a = Conso le.ReadLine()If a = 1 ThenDim k As Int32 = 1Console.WriteLine(Using For Loop to Display the pattern)For i = 1 To 3Console.WriteLine()For j = 1 To iConsole.Write(k.ToString)Next jk += 1Next iDim b As CharConsole.WriteLine(vbCrLf)Console.WriteLine(Do You Want To Continue (Y/N)?)b = Console.ReadLine()If (b = Y) ThenElse obliterate cease IfElseIf (a = 2) ThenConsole.WriteLine(Using While Loop to Display the pattern)Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf)Dim recurrence As Integer = 1While counter Console.WriteLine(StrDup(counter, CChar(counter.ToString)))counter += 1End WhileDim b As CharConsole.WriteLine(vbCrLf)Console.WriteLine(Do You Want To Continue (Y/N)?)b = Console.ReadLine()If (b = N) ThenEndEnd IfElseConsole.WriteLine(Please key 1/2)End IfLoopEnd SubEnd ModuleSource Code For QuestionFor the first interrogative mood was through using if else statements to determine wheter to mark out for circle or mend loop by assigning conditions, for example a=1 for for loop and a=2 for while loop. The v ariable a is set with Dim As Integer meaning as assigned with 1 and 2.The for and while loop figures are above whitin the codition. For the Looping of the statement was done by using Do loop, that the Menu can loop again. Using Console.WriteLine to print the output and using Console.ReadLine for input, Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf) for new line.Dim Char is to represent a single character in this case either using Y or N option to continue with the program. Dim Integer to represent military issue without decimal place.Question 2The names of calories burned per min cycling, jogging, and swimming are 200, 475, and 275, respectively. A person loses 1 pound of metric weight unit for each 3500 calories burned. Write a program that allows the user to input the number of hours spent at each activity and then calculates the number of pounds worked off.The Output For Question 2The pursuance image above is my output for movement 2. This was done using Microsoft Visual.NET 2003. Briefly expl aining the element used to create this was Label, text, Radiobuttons and a button. So this was to test the number of hours that the user has done using the following 3 choices above. So after the selection of one of the radiobuttons the output leave be displayed in pounds, as where the number of pounds shed by the user. The following interaction was done by the button. The codes are set in the button so when the user click the result is displayed. For more detailed story of the code is below.The codes for the button for Question 2Using Dim as Double enables the user to have decimal places compared to integer/ Using 3 variables a, b, and c respectively to represent each of following hours cycling, jogging and swimming. Using the if statements to achieve the result for the corresponding activities for each. The raddiobuttons are the following activities that represents cycling, jogging and swimming. The set of each is multiplied by the value given by the question as 200,475 and 275 and then each of them are divide by the number of calories which is 3500.ConclusionA Visual Basic application or project typically requires some input, processing and output. For interaction with the user the project forget typically use several controls such as forms, text and portray boxes, labels and command buttons. Using these control, the user can control the program execution. supplying a Visual Basic project basically involves the following stairsPlan the project. This involves determining what to do.Designing the User Interface. The interface is the most indubitable part of the project. It is used to interact with the system. The user can determine the controls ( e.g., command buttons, text boxes, labels) that are needed to enter data (input), to display results of computer science (output), and to control the program execution (processing).Set the properties of the controls. Determine the controls that the user impart need or their project and set the properties (e.g ., appearance, name, caption, color) for each of the controls used.Write the code (program). The code represents the action that must take when the user clicks on a Command button. Clicking a Command button is called an event and the code represents a response to that eventTest and debug the code. This is done to ensure that the program works correctlyThese locomote help the user to analyze first, plan using draft and then apply his information gathered into motion. These steps are a require that every programmer must do in order to achieve full satisfaction of their program.