The Causes of the Industrial Revolution Essay -- Industrial Revolution

The Causes of the industrial innovationThe causes of the industrial Revolution were complex and remain a topic for debate, with some(a) historians seeing the Revolution as an outgrowth of social and institutional changes molded by the end of feudalism in spectacular Britain after the face Civil War in the 17th century. The Enclosure movement and the British Agricultural Revolution made food production more streamlined and less labor-intensive, forcing the surplus population who could no longer find utilisation in agriculture into the cities to seek work in the radically true factories. The colonial expansion of the 17th century with the accompanying development of multinational trade, creation of financial markets and accumulation of capital are also cited as factors, as is the scientific revolution of the 17th century.The presence of a larger domestic market should also be considered an important catalyst of the Industrial Revolution, particularly explaining why it occurre d in Britain. In other nations, such as France, markets were split up by local regions, which ofttimes imposed tolls and tariffs on goods traded among them.Why Europe?One question of active interest to historians is why the Industrial Revolution occurred in Europe and not other separate of the world, particularly China. Numerous factors have been suggested, including ecology, government, and culture. Benjamin Elman argues that China was in a high level equilibrium trap in which the nonindustrial methods were cost-effective enough to prevent use of industrial methods with high costs of capital. Kenneth Pommeranz, in the Great Divergence, argues that Europe and China were remarkably similar in 1700, and that the of the essence(p) differences which created the Industrial Revolution in Europe were sources of coal near manufacturing centres and crude materials such as food and wood from the New World, which allowed Europe to blow ones stack economically in a way that China could not. Indeed, a combine of all of these factors is possible.Why did it start in Great Britain?The debate nigh the concept of the initial startup of the Industrial Revolution also concerns the hand of 30 to 100 years that the British had over the continental European countries and America. Some have stressed the importance of natural or financial resources that the United Kingdom received from its many overseas colonies or that benefit from... ...ailroads for more durable rail led to the development of the means to stingily mass-produce steel. Steel is often cited as the first of several new areas for industrial mass-production, which are said to characterize a Second Industrial Revolution, beginning around 1870. This second Industrial Revolution gradually grew to imply the chemical industries, petroleum refining and distribution, electrical industries, and, in the twentieth century, the automotive industries, and was marked by a transition of technological leadership from Great B ritain to the United States and Germany.The introduction of hydroelectric power generation in the the Alps enabled the rapid industrialization of coal-starved northern Italy, beginning in the 1890s. The increasing accessibility of economic petroleum products also reduced the relation of coal to the strength for industrialization.By the 1890s, industrialization in these areas had created the first giant industrial corporations with often nearly global international operations and interests, as companies like U.S. Steel, prevalent Electric, and Bayer AG joined the railroads on the worlds stock markets and among huge, bureaucratic organizations.